{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T06:26:44Z","timestamp":1781764004617,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Birmingham Children\u2019s Hospital Charity","award":["BCHRF519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCHRF519"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Childhood secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) is linked with increased morbidity and mortality. Hospital or secondary care contact presents a \u201cteachable moment\u201d to support parents to change their home smoking behaviors to reduce children\u2019s SHSe.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This mixed-methods review explores: (1) if existing interventions in this context are effective, (2) if they are reported in sufficient detail to be replicated, (3) the experiences of health care professionals delivering such interventions, and (4) the experiences of parents receiving such interventions. Five electronic databases and the gray literature were searched for relevant literature published and indexed January 1980 to February 2020. Fourteen papers reporting 12 studies (nine quantitative and five qualitative) were included. Aligned with the Joanna Briggs Institute method, a segregated approach was used involving independent syntheses of the quantitative and qualitative data followed by an overall mixed-methods synthesis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was some evidence of effective interventions that resulted in a short-term (&amp;lt;6 months) reduction in children\u2019s SHSe when SHSe was subjectively measured. This was not seen in longer-term follow-up (&amp;gt;6 months) or when SHSe was measured objectively. Inconsistencies with reporting make replication challenging. Experiential evidence suggests a mismatch between stakeholder preferences and interventions being offered.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The pediatric secondary care interventions included in this analysis failed to show statistically significant evidence of longer-term effectiveness to reduce children\u2019s SHSe in all but one low-quality study. There was also inadequate reporting of interventions limiting assessment of effectiveness. It offers further insights into areas to target to develop effective interventions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This review used rigorous methods to explore the current, global literature on how children\u2019s exposure to secondhand smoke is being tackled in secondary care. This review identified only one low-quality intervention study showing a statistically significant reduction in children\u2019s SHSe beyond 6 months. Synthesis with qualitative research identifies a mismatch between what parents want in an intervention and what has been delivered to date. Reporting quality needs to be improved to ensure that interventions can be replicated and studies conducted within the National Health Service to ensure suitability to this setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T19:14:14Z","timestamp":1603134854000},"page":"643-653","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review and Synthesis of Secondary Care Interventions to Reduce Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Children and Young People"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Erica","family":"Ferris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Cummins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Chiswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura L","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2021031913333856200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-5","article-title":"Parental and household smoking and the increased risk of bronchitis, bronchiolitis and other lower respiratory infections in infancy: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021031913333856200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.158","article-title":"Parental smoking and the risk of middle ear disease in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"166","author":"Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021031913333856200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-1062","article-title":"Second hand smoke exposure and the risk of invasive meningococcal disease in children: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Murray","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"2021031913333856200_CIT0004","volume-title":"The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. 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