{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T04:09:09Z","timestamp":1793074149525,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA199143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA199143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Florida Biomedical Research Program","award":["5JK03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5JK03"]}]},{"name":"Florida Biomedical Research Program","award":["P30CA76292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA76292"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hispanic\/Latinx smokers in the United States are often treated as a homogeneous group. However, population-based studies suggest that cigarette use differs among Hispanic\/Latinx subgroups by sociodemographic or sociocultural characteristics. This secondary analysis aimed to advance the limited literature by examining differences in smoking-related variables.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used baseline data from a randomized controlled trial testing a self-help Spanish-language smoking cessation intervention. Puerto Rican (PR), Mexican, and Cuban, the three largest Hispanic\/Latinx subgroups in the sample (N = 1028), were first compared on sociodemographic and sociocultural variables (acculturation and familism). Primary analyses assessed subgroup differences in cigarette use variables (eg, cigarettes per day [CPD], nicotine dependence [Fagerstr\u00f6m Test for Nicotine Dependence], and daily smoking) and smoking-related cognitive constructs (motivation to quit, smoking outcome expectancies, and abstinence self-efficacy) controlling for sociodemographic and sociocultural variables. Additional analyses explored differences between men and women within subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mexicans exhibited the lowest levels of daily smoking (90% vs. 95% Cubans and 96% PR; p = .001), CPD (M = 13.5, SD = 9.5 vs. M = 20.1, SD = 9.9 Cubans and M = 16.7, SD = 10.1 PR; p = .016), and nicotine dependence (M = 4.2, SD = 2.3 vs. M = 6.0, SD = 2.1 Cubans and M = 5.7, SD = 2.2 PR; p &amp;lt; .001), with no differences between PRs and Cubans. Within-subgroup comparisons between men and women showed the most differences among PRs (eg, men were more nicotine dependent [M = 6.0, SD = 1.9] than women [M = 5.4, SD = 2.3; p = .041]) and Cubans (eg, men smoked more CPD [M = 22.2, SD = 12.2] than women [M = 19.3, SD = 12.0; p = .042]), and the fewest among Mexicans.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Findings support heterogeneity within Hispanic\/Latinx smokers and highlight the potential utility of examining sociodemographic, sociocultural, and smoking characteristics important for developing salient cessation interventions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Findings demonstrate that treatment-seeking Hispanic\/Latinx smokers in the United States differ in sociodemographic, sociocultural, and smoking-related variables (cigarette use and smoking-related cognitive constructs) by subgroup (ie, PR, Mexican, and Cuban) and within subgroups by sex. These differences suggest that heterogeneity among subgroups should be considered when developing cessation interventions for Hispanics\/Latinxs. Future research should examine how differences in sociodemographic and smoking-related variables impact intervention outcomes and explore the role of sociocultural factors (eg, acculturation and familism) as determinants of cessation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T17:31:35Z","timestamp":1648920695000},"page":"1589-1596","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hispanic\/Latinx Ethnic Subgroup Differences in Sociodemographic, Sociocultural, and Smoking Characteristics in a Cessation Trial: An Exploratory Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8047-856X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Medina-Ramirez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven K","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL , USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL , USA"},{"name":"Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Calixte-Civil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL , USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3948-5650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen O","family":"Brandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4212-5851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ursula","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL , USA"},{"name":"Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy D","family":"Meade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL , USA"},{"name":"Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret M","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL , USA"},{"name":"Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas H","family":"Brandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL , USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL , USA"},{"name":"Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vani N","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL , USA"},{"name":"Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0001","author":"U. S. Census Bureau.","year":"2019"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.068668","article-title":"Latino populations: a unique opportunity for the study of race, genetics, and social environment in epidemiological research.","volume":"95","author":"Gonzalez Burchard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0003","first-page":"496","article-title":"Smoking among U.S. Hispanic\/Latino adults: the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos.","volume":"46","author":"Kaplan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301844","article-title":"National trends in smoking behaviors among Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban men and women in the United States.","volume":"104","author":"Blanco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.096982","article-title":"Leisure-time physical activity disparities among Hispanic subgroups in the United States.","volume":"98","author":"Neighbors","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000118705.27241.7c","article-title":"Hispanic healthcare disparities: challenging the myth of a monolithic Hispanic population.","volume":"42","author":"Weinick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Care."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-006-0121-8","article-title":"Co-occurrence of mental and physical illness in us Latinos.","volume":"41","author":"Ortega","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol."},{"key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0008","volume-title":"The 10 largest Hispanic origin groups: characteristics, rankings, top counties","author":"Motel","year":"2012"},{"issue":"46","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6946a4","article-title":"Tobacco product use among adults\u2014United States, 2019.","volume":"69","author":"Cornelius","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntn018","article-title":"Intermittent and light daily smoking across racial\/ethnic groups in the United States.","volume":"11","author":"Trinidad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdp104","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic and socioeconomic variations in duration of smoking: results from 2003, 2006 and 2007 tobacco use supplement of the current population survey.","volume":"32","author":"Siahpush","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)."},{"key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.10.006","article-title":"Smoking cessation among U.S. Hispanic\/Latino adults: findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos (HCHS\/SOL).","volume":"81","author":"Merzel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev Med."},{"issue":"30","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6530a1","article-title":"Disparities in adult cigarette smoking \u2013 United States, 2002-2005 and 2010-2013.","volume":"65","author":"Martell","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.18865\/ed.29.2.227","article-title":"How does acculturation influence smoking behavior among Latinos? The role of education and national background.","volume":"29","author":"Rodriquez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ethn Dis."},{"key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0015","author":"Collazo","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-015-9729-9","article-title":"Latino cigarette smoking patterns by gender in a US-national sample.","volume":"50","author":"Kristman-Valente","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.9.1424","article-title":"Cigarette smoking behavior among US Latino men and women from different countries of origin.","volume":"91","author":"P\u00e9rez-Stable","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2014.1002878","article-title":"Acculturation and cigarette smoking in Hispanic women: a meta-analysis.","volume":"15","author":"Kondo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ethn Subst Abuse."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2005.04.014","article-title":"Acculturation and smoking patterns among Hispanics: a review.","volume":"29","author":"Bethel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1177\/07399863870094003","article-title":"Hispanic familism and acculturation: what changes and what doesn\u2019t?","volume":"9","author":"Sabogal","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hisp J Behav Sci."},{"key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01632","article-title":"A systematic review of the relationship between familism and mental health outcomes in Latino population.","volume":"7","author":"Valdivieso-Mora","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.07.013","article-title":"Sex\/gender differences in smoking cessation: a review.","volume":"92","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa052","article-title":"Intersectionality and smoking cessation: exploring various approaches for understanding health inequities.","volume":"23","author":"Potter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2019.105836","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of a smoking cessation self-help intervention for Spanish-speaking Hispanic\/Latinx smokers: study design and baseline characteristics.","volume":"85","author":"Medina-Ramirez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19389","DOI":"10.2196\/19389","article-title":"Comparing methods of recruiting Spanish-preferring smokers in the United States: findings from a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"22","author":"Medina-Ramirez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1177\/07399863870092005","article-title":"Development of a short acculturation scale for Hispanics.","volume":"9","author":"Marin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hisp J Behav Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1177\/0739986303256912","article-title":"A new Familism scale for use with Latino populations.","volume":"25","author":"Steidel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hisp J Behav Sci."},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0028","first-page":"1455","article-title":"The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence in a Spanish sample.","volume":"83","author":"Beco\u00f1a","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.08.017","article-title":"Differences between Latino and non-Latino White smokers in cognitive and behavioral characteristics relevant to smoking cessation.","volume":"30","author":"Bock","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.10.5.360","article-title":"The contemplation ladder: validation of a measure of readiness to consider smoking cessation.","volume":"10","author":"Biener","year":"1991","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(90)90070-E","article-title":"Relapse situations and self-efficacy: an integrative model.","volume":"15","author":"Velicer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0032","first-page":"484","article-title":"The Smoking Consequences Questionnaire: the subjective expected utility of smoking in college students.","volume":"3","author":"Brandon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0033","first-page":"484","article-title":"The Smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Adult: measurement of smoking outcome expectancies of experienced smokers.","volume":"7","author":"Copeland","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.14.3.219","article-title":"Smoking Consequences Questionnaire\u2014Spanish","volume":"14","author":"Cepeda-Benito","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntp128","article-title":"The Smoking Consequences Questionnaire: factor structure and predictive validity among Spanish-speaking Latino smokers in the United States.","volume":"11","author":"Vidrine","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0036","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand J Stat."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445515608146","article-title":"Gender, ethnicity, and their intersectionality in the prediction of smoking outcome expectancies in regular cigarette smokers.","volume":"40","author":"Aguirre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Modif."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.10.004","article-title":"Smoking expectancies in smokers and never smokers: an examination of the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Spanish.","volume":"32","author":"Reig-Ferrer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1163\/22134360-09003003","article-title":"Tobacco and politics in the Caribbean.","volume":"90","author":"Baud","year":"2016","journal-title":"New West Indian Guide\/ Nieuwe West-Indische Gids."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4278\/ajhp.090123-LIT-25","article-title":"Smoking cessation interventions among Hispanics in the United States: a systematic review and mini meta-analysis.","volume":"25","author":"Webb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.103.4.801","article-title":"Smoking outcome expectancies: factor structure, predictive validity, and discriminant validity.","volume":"103","author":"Wetter","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022101716270338800_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300835","article-title":"Nonresponse to a question on self-identified sexual orientation in a public health survey and its relationship to race and ethnicity.","volume":"103","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."}],"container-title":["Nicotine &amp; Tobacco Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntac081\/43499618\/ntac081.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/24\/10\/1589\/46545672\/ntac081.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/24\/10\/1589\/46545672\/ntac081.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T18:53:01Z","timestamp":1666032781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article\/24\/10\/1589\/6562763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntac081","relation":{},"ISSN":["1469-994X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1469-994X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]]}}}