{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T09:00:34Z","timestamp":1740128434486,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000226","name":"Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HLTC5047FL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HLTC5047FL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic caused a rapid shift to virtual care, with largely unknown consequences for accessibility. The purpose of this study is to examine pandemic-related changes in use of care for smoking cessation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a secondary analysis 65 565 enrollments in a large smoking cessation program in Ontario, Canada. We used piecewise mixed-effects regression to examine how weeks nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) received, as well as counseling provided and visits attended, varied with date of enrollment over three time periods: more than 6 months before the pandemic began; the 6 months before the pandemic; and the pandemic period itself. We then examined changes in the associations between use of care and participant characteristics by fitting a model including a set of interactions between time and other variables. Based on an omnibus test of these interactions, we then tested individual terms, using the Holm method to control the family-wise error rate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From the start of the pandemic in March 2020, the total weeks of NRT provided rose significantly and then declined, while the amount of counseling fell. Associations between NRT use and participant characteristics changed significantly after the pandemic onset. Individual models showed that people with lower income, living in areas of higher marginalization, unable to work, and reporting higher levels of depressive symptoms all received NRT for a longer time during the pandemic period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The pandemic led to small but significant changes in the amount of services used per enrollment. The transition to remote care appears to have reduced the effects of socioeconomic and health barriers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The amount of care used by participants in tobacco cessation treatment is known to be associated with health and sociodemographic characteristics. Most of these associations did not change markedly following the pandemic-related switch to virtual care in 2020; however, the effects of some economic and health barriers seem to have lessened, perhaps because of a likely reduction in transport and time requirements of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T11:14:40Z","timestamp":1649934880000},"page":"1567-1572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of COVID-19-Related Disruptions on Service Use in a Large Smoking Cessation Program"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3969-2756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Veldhuizen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicotine Dependence Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Newsha","family":"Mahinpey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4547-1565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurie","family":"Zawertailo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicotine Dependence Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, ON , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada"},{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8179-3628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Minian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicotine Dependence Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, ON , Canada"},{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, ON , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9663-2226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osnat","family":"Melamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicotine Dependence Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, ON , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5401-2996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Selby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicotine Dependence Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, ON , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada"},{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, ON , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, ON , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2022101716270703000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-021-00238-8","article-title":"Smoking cessation during COVID-19: the top to-do list.","volume":"31","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Prim Care Respir Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022101716270703000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa219","article-title":"Call to action: commercial tobacco smoking cessation support as a priority for health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"23","author":"Adhikari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022101716270703000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.41.10.02","article-title":"Protecting vulnerable groups from tobacco-related harm during and following the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"41","author":"Melamed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022101716270703000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26389","article-title":"The effect of smoking on COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"93","author":"Reddy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol."},{"key":"2022101716270703000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/119324","article-title":"COVID-19 and smoking: a systematic review of the evidence.","volume":"18","author":"Vardavas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022101716270703000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9091042","article-title":"Age and smoking predict antibody titres at 3 months after the second dose of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 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