{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T08:53:13Z","timestamp":1774515193899,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]],"date-time":"2022-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background\/Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There has been no comprehensive examination of the potential association of SHS with broad functional limitation assessment in older adults, where functional limitations are burdensome and challenging.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examined 2258 community-dwelling non-smoking older adults from the Seniors-Enrica-2-cohort. At baseline (2017) and follow-up (2019) grip strength was measured with a Jamar dynamometer, lower-extremity performance with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), overall physical function using the physical component summary (PCS) of the Spanish version of the SF-12, frailty with a Deficits Accumulation Index (DAI), and mobility limitations with the Rosow-Breslau scale. Baseline exposure to SHS was assessed by serum cotinine, and past exposure was self-reported. Cross-sectional analyses were performed using linear and logistic regression models, whereas functional performance changes were examined using repeated measures models with robust SE estimates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, the median (IQR) serum cotinine concentration was 0.079 (0.035\u20130.175) ng\/ml, with 20 participants presenting concentrations \u22653 ng\/ml. Compared to the unexposed, fully-adjusted models showed that the highest exposure group (\u22650.239 ng\/ml) presented lower grip strength (mean difference: \u22121.05 kg; 95% CI = \u22121.80, -0.31) and higher DAI scores (1.52; 95% CI = 0.38, 2.66) at baseline. Similarly, in models of self-reported past exposure, never-smokers who had lived with \u22652 smokers or been exposed to higher SHS cumulative doses showed lower baseline SPPB values, higher DAI scores, and higher prevalence of mobility limitations. In prospective analyses, those in the highest quartile of baseline cotinine presented harmful SPPB [-0.24 (-0.46, -0.02)] and DAI [1.28 (0.00, 2.55)] changes, and higher risk of mobility limitations [hazard ratio: 1.64; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.68] than the unexposed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SHS exposure over the life-course and during old age may accelerate functional decline.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This manuscript provides a comprehensive examination of the relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and a broad range of functional limitations in older adults. Results show that: (i) non-smokers who had been exposed to higher cumulative doses of SHS in adulthood show worse physical function than non-exposed. (ii) Exposure to SHS during old age, as measured with cotinine concentrations, is associated with accelerated short-term functional declines. (iii) The effects of SHS are stronger among older adults with chronic morbidities. (iv) Results suggest that more efforts are needed to protect older adults from passive smoking, especially to those with chronic conditions because of their potential greater vulnerability to the effects of SHS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]],"date-time":"2022-05-15T16:36:07Z","timestamp":1652632567000},"page":"2026-2034","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Secondhand Tobacco Smoke and Functional Impairments in Older Adults Living in the Community"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Oana M","family":"Craciun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6952-9533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosario","family":"Ortol\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"CIBERESP , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose A","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM) , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ortu\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM) , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0624-9993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I\u00f1aki","family":"Gal\u00e1n Labaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose R","family":"Banegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"CIBERESP , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9317-5755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Artalejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"CIBERESP , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8688-5174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Garc\u00eda-Esquinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"CIBERESP , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0001","volume-title":"The Health Consequences of Smoking\u201450 years of progress: a report of the surgeon general [Internet]","author":"National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health.","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2013.10.001","article-title":"Persistent smoking as a predictor of disability pension due to musculoskeletal diagnoses: a 23 year prospective study of Finnish twins.","volume":"57","author":"Ropponen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prev Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008393e008393","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008393","article-title":"Effect of smoking on physical and cognitive capability in later life: a multicohort study using observational and genetic approaches.","volume":"5","author":"North","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932802","article-title":"Relation between cigarette smoking and sarcopenia: meta-analysis.","volume":"64","author":"Steffl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2014-204456","article-title":"Predicting the risk of physical disability in old age using modifiable mid-life risk factors.","volume":"69","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health."},{"key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2013001","DOI":"10.4178\/epih\/e2013001","article-title":"The relationship between smoking, socioeconomic status and grip strength among community-dwelling elderly men in Korea: Hallym Aging Study.","volume":"35","author":"Quan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03779.x","article-title":"Long-term determinants of muscle strength decline: prospective evidence from the 22-year mini-finland follow-up survey.","volume":"60","author":"Stenholm","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2012.10.013","article-title":"Association of blood cotinine level with cognitive and physical performance in non-smoking older adults.","volume":"121","author":"Akhtar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Res."},{"issue":"24","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12674","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102594","article-title":"Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke is associated with reduced muscle strength in US adults.","volume":"11","author":"Carrasco-Rios","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-015-9762-4","article-title":"Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and the frailty syndrome in US older adults.","volume":"37","author":"Garc\u00eda-Esquinas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000784","article-title":"Exposure to passive smoking and impairment in physical function in older people.","volume":"29","author":"Batty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101819","article-title":"Selenium and impaired physical function in US and Spanish older adults.","volume":"38","author":"Garc\u00eda-Esquinas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2011-050296","article-title":"Assessing secondhand smoke exposure with reported measures.","volume":"22","author":"Avila-Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503023320902","article-title":"Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability.","volume":"332","author":"Guralnik","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"19","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1157\/13121076","article-title":"Interpretaci\u00f3n de los cuestionarios de salud SF-36 y SF-12 en Espa\u00f1a: Componentes f\u00edsico y mental.","volume":"130","author":"Vilagut","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Cl\u00ednica."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2016.03.020","article-title":"Conceptual models of frailty: accumulation of deficits.","volume":"32","author":"Rockwood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.12.023","article-title":"Trajectories of accumulation of health deficits in older adults: are there variations according to health domains?","volume":"20","author":"Garc\u00eda-Esquinas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/21.4.556","article-title":"A Guttman Health Scale for the aged.","volume":"21","author":"Rosow","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Gerontol."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S181","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.suppl_1.S181","article-title":"Estimation of reproducibility and relative validity of the questions included in the EPIC Physical Activity Questionnaire.","volume":"26","author":"Pols","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0020","author":"American Diabetes Association."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(82)90033-4","article-title":"Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report.","volume":"17","author":"Yesavage","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Psychiat Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M255","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.3.M255","article-title":"Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care.","volume":"59","author":"Fried","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2012.11.004","article-title":"Cigarette smoke and muscle catabolism in C2 myotubes.","volume":"134","author":"Rom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1592","article-title":"Peripheral muscle alterations in non-COPD smokers.","volume":"133","author":"Montes de Oca","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E843","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00301.2007","article-title":"Smoking impairs muscle protein synthesis and increases the expression of myostatin and MAFbx in muscle.","volume":"293","author":"Petersen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2012.02.001","article-title":"Cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscles of mice.","volume":"182","author":"Barreiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0027","first-page":"333","article-title":"Long-term nose-only cigarette smoke exposure induces emphysema and mild skeletal muscle dysfunction in mice.","volume":"5","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-008-0792-9","article-title":"Skeletal muscle properties and fatigue resistance in relation to smoking history.","volume":"104","author":"W\u00fcst","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022111214032545100_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M85","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.2.M85","article-title":"A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission.","volume":"49","author":"Guralnik","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gerontology"}],"container-title":["Nicotine &amp; Tobacco Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntac131\/43972533\/ntac131.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/24\/12\/2026\/47012005\/ntac131.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/24\/12\/2026\/47012005\/ntac131.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]],"date-time":"2022-11-12T14:03:57Z","timestamp":1668261837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article\/24\/12\/2026\/6586052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntac131","relation":{},"ISSN":["1469-994X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1469-994X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]]}}}