{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:04:17Z","timestamp":1790053457816,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR001860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR001860"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL2 TR001859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2 TR001859"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program, Community Practice-Based Implementation Research Award","award":["28CP-0039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["28CP-0039"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Proactive outreach offering tobacco treatment is a promising strategy outside of clinical settings, but little is known about factors for engagement. The study objective is to examine the impact of caller area code in a proactive, phone-based outreach strategy on consenting low-income smokers to a quitline e-referral.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This pragmatic randomized trial included unassisted adult smokers (n\u2005=\u2005685), whose preferred language was English or Spanish, in a Los Angeles safety-net health system. Patients were randomized to receive a call from a local or generic toll-free area code. Log-binomial regression was used to examine the association between area code and consent to a quitline e-referral, adjusted for age, gender, language, and year.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, 52.1% of the patients were contacted and, among those contacted, 30% consented to a referral. The contact rate was higher for the local versus generic area code, although not statistically significant (55.6% vs. 48.7%, p\u2005=\u2005.07). The consent rate was higher in the local versus generic area code group (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.01\u20131.65) and also higher for patients under 61 years old than over (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.47, 95% CI 1.07\u20132.01), and Spanish-speaking than English-speaking patients (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.40, 95% CI 1.05\u20131.86).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Proactive phone-based outreach to unassisted smokers in a safety net health system increased consent to a quitline referral when local (vs. generic) area codes were used to contact patients. While contact rate did not differ by area code, proactive phone-based outreach was effective for engaging younger and Spanish-speaking smokers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Population-based proactive phone-based outreach from a caller with a local area code to unassisted smokers in a safety net health system increases consent to an e-referral for quitline services. Findings suggest that a proactive phone-based outreach, a population-based strategy, is an effective strategy to build on the visit-based model and offer services to tobacco users, regardless of the motivational levels to quit.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T17:17:40Z","timestamp":1663175860000},"page":"43-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Proactive Outreach Strategy Using a Local Area Code to Refer Unassisted Smokers in a Safety Net Health System to a Quitline: A Pragmatic Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8993-4066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy V","family":"Valencia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis , Sacramento, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3448-5811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie S","family":"Dove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California , Davis, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon E","family":"Cummins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Moores Cancer Center, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Moores Cancer Center, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4149-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Hong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Moores Cancer Center, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Giboney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles County Department of Health Services , Los Angeles County in Los Angeles, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Hal F","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles County Department of Health Services , Los Angeles County in Los Angeles, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-Ping","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis , Sacramento, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa K","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis , Sacramento, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022120214134914000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090934","article-title":"The role of health care systems in increased tobacco cessation","volume":"29","author":"Curry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022120214134914000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.04.009","article-title":"A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. 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