{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:11:46Z","timestamp":1792649506494,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Flavors with names describing blended tastes\/sensations or with ambiguous terminology (\u201cconcept flavors\u201d) are available on the e-cigarette market.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigates adolescent and young adult use and sensory perceptions of blended and concept flavors. Current e-cigarette users aged 15\u201324 years (N = 2281) completed an online convenience sample survey (October 20\u2013November 23, 2020) and rated the sensory attributes (fruity, cooling, sweet, and minty) of their current flavor(s) using nine-point scales. T-tests compared mean sensory perception scores within and between flavors. To compare concept flavors to blends, reference categories used the average of blends with relevant descriptors: fruit (Banana Ice, Iced Mango, Melon Ice, Cool Cucumber); cooling (Banana Ice, Iced Mango, Melon Ice, Blue B Ice, Cool Cucumber, Lush Ice, and Menthol Purple); sweet (Vivid Vanilla) and mint (Mint-sation).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most respondents had used at least one product with blended descriptors (74.8%) or concept flavor (57.9%) in the past 30 days. All flavors had high perceived strength for at least two sensory attributes. Mint taste was not perceived to be a strong sensory characteristic for all but two flavors (Mint-sation and Winter) in the study. The most commonly used flavors used blended descriptors (Iced Mango was used by 30.2% of the sample; Banana Ice: 26.2%; Lush Ice: 23.8%; Melon Ice: 22.9%). Some concept flavors did not significantly differ from flavor blend reference categories for strength of: fruit taste (Bahama Mama and Tropic); cooling sensation (Marigold, Island Breeze, Winter); sweet taste (Bahama Mama, Honeymoon, Island Breeze, Island Cream, Meteor Milk, OMG, Royal Dagger and Tropic); and mint taste (Winter).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Blended and concept flavors are used by most young e-cigarette users, who describe these products as fruity, sweet, and cooling. A variety of flavored products with high youth appeal are available in the U.S. market.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study of adolescent and young adult e-cigarette users finds evidence of the popularity of e-cigarette flavors combining a cooling sensation with fruity and sweet flavorings. Some products with this flavor profile do not use characterizing descriptors. Findings inform public health interventions intended to reduce e-cigarette use in young people.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T04:33:15Z","timestamp":1674793995000},"page":"524-532","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Perceived Sensory Characteristics of Blended and Ambiguous \u201cConcept\u201d Flavors Among Adolescent and Young Adult E-cigarette Users"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jennifer M","family":"Kreslake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Schroeder Institute at Truth Initiative , Washington, DC , USA"},{"name":"Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie M","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schroeder Institute at Truth Initiative , Washington, DC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schroeder Institute at Truth Initiative , Washington, DC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna M","family":"Vallone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schroeder Institute at Truth Initiative , Washington, DC , USA"},{"name":"Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD , USA"},{"name":"School of Global Public Health, New York University , New York, NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth C","family":"Hair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schroeder Institute at Truth Initiative , Washington, DC , USA"},{"name":"Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD , USA"},{"name":"School of Global Public Health, New York University , New York, NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020914012083500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i32","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.11.suppl_1.i32","article-title":"How cigarette design can affect youth initiation into smoking: camel cigarettes 1983-93","volume":"11","author":"Wayne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020914012083500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.24.6.1601","article-title":"New cigarette brands with flavors that appeal to youth: tobacco marketing strategies","volume":"24","author":"Carpenter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023020914012083500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-019-00244-4","article-title":"A review of the use and 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