{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T03:34:10Z","timestamp":1789443250782,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FDA Center for Tobacco Products","award":["U54CA229974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54CA229974"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although many studies have examined the association between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation, fewer have considered the impact of e-cigarette flavors on cessation outcomes. This study extends previous studies by examining the effects of e-cigarette use and e-cigarette flavors on quit attempts and quit success of smoking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from the 2018\u20132019 Tobacco Use Supplement-Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) survey. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between flavored e-cigarette use with quit attempts and quit success of smoking among individuals who smoked 12 months ago. Two current e-cigarette use definitions were used in these logistic regression analyses; currently use every day or some days versus 20+ days in the past 30 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to those not using e-cigarettes, current every day or someday e-cigarette use with all nontobacco flavors had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 2.9 (95% CI: 2.4 to 3.5) for quit attempts and 1.7 (95% CI: 1.3 to 2.2) for quit success. 20+ days e-cigarette use with flavors had stronger associations with quit attempts (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 3.1 to 5.5) and quit success (AOR = 4.0, 95% CI: 2.9 to 5.4). E-cigarette users with nontobacco flavors were more likely to succeed in quitting compared to those exclusively using non-flavored or tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes. Menthol or mint flavor users had slightly higher odds of quit attempts and success than users of other nontobacco flavors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>E-cigarette use is positively associated with both making smoking quit attempts and quit success. Those using flavored e-cigarettes, particularly menthol or mint, are more likely to quit successfully.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>E-cigarette use is positively associated with both making a quit attempt and quit success, and those using flavored e-cigarettes are more likely to successfully quit smoking, with no statistically significant differences between the use of menthol or mint-flavored e-cigarettes versus the use of other nontobacco flavored products. This suggests that the potential for e-cigarettes to help people who currently smoke quit could be maintained with the availability of menthol or mint-flavored e-cigarettes, even if other nontobacco flavored products, which are associated with e-cigarette use among youth, were removed from the market.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,16]],"date-time":"2022-10-16T08:29:43Z","timestamp":1665908983000},"page":"541-552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Associations Between E-cigarette Use and E-cigarette Flavors With Cigarette Smoking Quit Attempts and Quit Success: Evidence From a U.S. Large, Nationally Representative 2018\u20132019 Survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4807-4415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoonseo","family":"Mok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute , Vancouver, BC , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7003-3412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihyoun","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5280-3612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David T","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Georgetown University , Washington, DC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1076-5037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute , Vancouver, BC , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0001","volume-title":"Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes.","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1617-9625-12-21","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes: patterns of use, health effects, use in smoking cessation and regulatory issues","volume":"12","author":"Rahman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis."},{"key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040617-013757","article-title":"E-cigarettes: use, effects on smoking, risks, and policy implications","volume":"39","author":"Glantz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health."},{"issue":"9","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0004","first-page":"CD010216","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation","volume":"9","author":"Hartmann-Boyce","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"issue":"10","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15474","article-title":"The effectiveness of using e-cigarettes for quitting smoking compared to other cessation methods among adults in the United Kingdom","volume":"116","author":"McDermott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S319727","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety profile of alternative tobacco and nicotine products for smoking reduction and cessation: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Zakiyah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15628","article-title":"E-cigarettes versus nicotine replacement treatment as harm reduction interventions for smokers who find quitting difficult: randomized controlled trial","volume":"117","author":"Myers Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"issue":"8116","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j3262","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j3262","article-title":"E-cigarette use and associated changes in population smoking cessation: evidence from US current population surveys","volume":"358","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"8","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx166","article-title":"The relationship of e-cigarette use to cigarette quit attempts and cessation: insights from a large, nationally representative U.S. survey","volume":"20","author":"Levy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"8073","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4645","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4645","article-title":"Association between electronic cigarette use and changes in quit attempts, success of quit attempts, use of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, and use of stop smoking services in England: time series analysis of population trends","volume":"354","author":"Beard","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.05.020","article-title":"Electronic nicotine delivery system dual use and intention to quit smoking: Will the socioeconomic gap in smoking get greater?","volume":"61","author":"Nayak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"issue":"10","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty211","article-title":"E-cigarette usage is associated with increased past-12-month quit attempts and successful smoking cessation in two US population-based surveys","volume":"21","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2022.101748","article-title":"E-cigarette characteristics and cigarette smoking cessation behaviors among U.S. Adult dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes","volume":"26","author":"Zavala-Arciniega","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep."},{"key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2021.106882","article-title":"A longitudinal study of menthol cigarette use and smoking cessation among adult smokers in the US: assessing the roles of racial disparities and e-cigarette use","volume":"154","author":"Cook","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prev Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2020-055967","article-title":"Transitions between cigarette, ENDS and dual use in adults in the PATH study (waves 1-4): multistate transition modelling accounting for complex survey design","volume":"31","author":"Brouwer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0198047","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198047","article-title":"Are electronic nicotine delivery systems helping cigarette smokers quit? Evidence from a prospective cohort study of U.S. adult smokers, 2015-2016","volume":"13","author":"Weaver","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tobaccocontrol-2021-056901","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-056901","article-title":"Effectiveness of e-cigarettes as aids for smoking cessation: evidence from the PATH Study cohort, 2017-2019","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"issue":"10","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2128810e2128810","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.28810","article-title":"Incidence of cigarette smoking relapse among individuals who switched to e-cigarettes or other tobacco products","volume":"4","author":"Pierce","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e203826","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3826","article-title":"Associations of flavored e-cigarette uptake with subsequent smoking initiation and cessation","volume":"3","author":"Friedman","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"issue":"9","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab033","article-title":"How does the use of flavored nicotine vaping products relate to progression toward quitting smoking? Findings from the 2016 and 2018 ITC 4CV surveys","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa095","article-title":"The association of e-cigarette flavors with satisfaction, enjoyment, and trying to quit or stay abstinent from smoking among regular adult vapers from Canada and the United States: findings from the 2018 ITC four country smoking and vaping survey","volume":"22","author":"Gravely","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.18001\/TRS.5.6.4","article-title":"Flavored ENDS use among adults who have used cigarettes and ENDS, 2016\u20132017","volume":"5","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tob Regul Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0194145","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194145","article-title":"A systematic review of consumer preference for e-cigarette attributes: flavor, nicotine strength, and type","volume":"13","author":"Zare","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"16","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2991","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16162991","article-title":"Use of flavored e-cigarettes and the type of e-cigarette devices used among adults and youth in the US-results from wave 3 of the population assessment of tobacco and health study (2015-2016)","volume":"16","author":"Schneller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.44.5.6","article-title":"Flavor inconsistencies between flavored tobacco products among US adults","volume":"44","author":"Schneller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2017-054165","article-title":"Should flavours be banned in cigarettes and e-cigarettes? Evidence on adult smokers and recent quitters from a discrete choice experiment","volume":"28","author":"Buckell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"issue":"12","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2019.1626435","article-title":"Young adult dual combusted cigarette and e-cigarette users\u2019 anticipated responses to hypothetical e-cigarette market restrictions","volume":"54","author":"Pacek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab154","article-title":"Reactions to sales restrictions on flavored vape products or all vape products among young adults in the United States","volume":"24","author":"Posner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0029","volume-title":"Fact Sheet: Use of E-Cigarettes (Vapes) Among Adults in Great Britain.","author":"Action on Smoking and Health (ASH).","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tobaccocontrol-2021-056599","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-056599","article-title":"Impact of flavours, device, nicotine levels and price on adult e-cigarette users\u2019 tobacco and nicotine product choices","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201906-472OC","article-title":"Changes in flavor preference in a cohort of long-term electronic cigarette users","volume":"17","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-018-0238-6","article-title":"Changing patterns of first e-cigarette flavor used and current flavors used by 20,836 adult frequent e-cigarette users in the USA","volume":"15","author":"Russell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J."},{"key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.020","article-title":"Prospective predictors of flavored e-cigarette use: a one-year longitudinal study of young adults in the U.S","volume":"191","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12878","article-title":"Biochemically verified smoking cessation and vaping beliefs among vape store customers","volume":"110","author":"Tackett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"issue":"12","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7272","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10127272","article-title":"Impact of flavour variability on electronic cigarette use experience: an internet survey","volume":"10","author":"Farsalinos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.10.036","article-title":"Overview of electronic nicotine delivery systems: a systematic review","volume":"52","author":"Glasser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"issue":"37","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6937e1","article-title":"E-cigarette use among middle and high school students \u2014 United States, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.5667","article-title":"Trends in use and perceptions of nicotine vaping among US youth from 2017 to 2020","volume":"175","author":"Miech","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107152","article-title":"Responses to potential nicotine vaping product flavor restrictions among regular vapers using non-tobacco flavors: findings from the 2020 ITC Smoking and Vaping Survey in Canada, England and the United States","volume":"125","author":"Gravely","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"issue":"8","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.0922","article-title":"A Difference-in-differences analysis of youth smoking and a ban on sales of flavored tobacco products in San Francisco, California","volume":"175","author":"Friedman","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"issue":"8","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4373","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084373","article-title":"E-cigarette flavors and frequency of e-cigarette use among adult dual users who attempt to quit cigarette smoking in the United States: longitudinal findings from the PATH study 2015\/16\u20132016\/17","volume":"18","author":"Kasza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"issue":"10","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e031598e031598","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031598","article-title":"Impact of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use: an updated systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Meernik","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntz132","article-title":"Biochemical verification of tobacco use and abstinence: 2019 update","volume":"22","author":"Benowitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"2023020914050828100_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15199","article-title":"Randomised controlled trials\u2014The gold standard for effectiveness research","volume":"125","author":"Hariton","year":"2018","journal-title":"BJOG."}],"container-title":["Nicotine &amp; Tobacco Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntac241\/47075037\/ntac241.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/25\/3\/541\/49138023\/ntac241.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/25\/3\/541\/49138023\/ntac241.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T11:43:38Z","timestamp":1675943018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article\/25\/3\/541\/6761959"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntac241","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.03.31.22273144","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1469-994X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1469-994X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]}}}