{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:45:22Z","timestamp":1789019122519,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMS2002865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS2002865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Certain subpopulations in the United States are highly vulnerable to tobacco initiation and addiction, and elimination of disparities among those groups is crucial to reducing the burden of tobacco use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study evaluated the racial and ethnic differences in smoking initiation of menthol flavored cigarettes and cigars among never-users, and in subsequent tobacco use among new users of menthol-flavored products, using longitudinal data from waves 1\u20134 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. The outcomes of interest were new use of menthol-flavored products, and subsequent past 30-day and past 12-month cigarette and cigar smoking, irrespective of flavors, after initiation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The percentages of new users of menthol-flavored cigarettes and cigars at waves 2\u20134 were disproportionately higher in non-Hispanic black and Hispanic than in non-Hispanic white people. Adjusting for age and sex, black people who first used any menthol cigars had higher risk of past 30-day use of the same cigar category at the subsequent wave (adjusted risk ratio, aRR 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11 to 1.96) and past 12 months (aRR 1.74; 95% CI 1.55 to 2.63) compared to non-Hispanic white smokers. Black people who first used menthol-flavored cigarettes had marginally higher risk of subsequent past 30-day cigarette use (aRR 1.44; 95% CI 0.99 to 2.10) compared with their non-Hispanic white counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study shows that racial and ethnic differences exist in both initiation of menthol-flavored tobacco products and product-specific subsequent use after first using menthol-flavored products; black and Hispanic people have higher rates of initiation; black people also have higher rates of subsequent use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Use of menthol flavors in tobacco products is confirmed to be a contributor to large disparities in tobacco use; black and Hispanic people are more likely to maintain smoking through use of mentholated products than non-Hispanic white people. The findings suggest educational and regulatory actions on menthol-flavored tobacco products including restricting the selective marketing to vulnerable communities and banning characterizing flavors in cigarettes and cigars may reduce tobacco-related disparities and inform the Food And Drug Administration\u2019s evidence-based rulemaking process.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntad055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T14:32:55Z","timestamp":1681482775000},"page":"1440-1446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Racial and Ethnic Differences in Initiation of Menthol Tobacco Smoking and Subsequent Tobacco Use in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, Waves 1\u20134 (2013\u20132018)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8139-2418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramzi G","family":"Salloum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA"},{"name":"Division of Quantitative Sciences, University of Florida Health Cancer Center , Gainesville, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man-Chong","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georges E","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA"},{"name":"Division of Quantitative Sciences, University of Florida Health Cancer Center , Gainesville, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA"},{"name":"Division of Quantitative Sciences, University of Florida Health Cancer Center , Gainesville, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8305-827X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang-Yang","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA"},{"name":"Division of Quantitative Sciences, University of Florida Health Cancer Center , Gainesville, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024041400101665600_CIT0001","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024041400101665600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21444","article-title":"Who\u2019s still smoking? 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