{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:37:21Z","timestamp":1789105041885,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21CA181569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21CA181569"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA235697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA235697"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K07CA214839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K07CA214839"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH-T32-HL144470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-T32-HL144470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Contingency management (CM) interventions deliver monetary reinforcers contingent upon biochemically verified abstinence from smoking. CM has been found to be effective, however, individual participant, analyses are warranted to further elucidate how individual-level behavior patterns vary during the intervention period, both within and across treatment groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled pilot trial of presurgical cancer patients who smoke (RCT N = 40). All participants were current everyday smokers and were enrolled in cessation counseling, offered nicotine replacement therapy, and submitted breath CO testing 3 times per week for 2\u20135 weeks. Participants randomized to CM received monetary reinforcers for breath CO \u22646 ppm on an escalating schedule of reinforcement with a reset for positive samples. Sufficient breath CO data exist for 28 participants (CM = 14; monitoring only [MO] = 14). Effect size was calculated for differences in negative CO tests. Time to first negative test was tested using survival analysis. Fisher\u2019s exact test was used to assess relapse.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The CM group achieved abstinence more quickly (p &amp;lt; .05), had a lower percentage of positive tests (h = 0.80), and experienced fewer lapses following abstinence (p = .00). While 11 of 14 participants in the CM group achieved and sustained abstinence by their third breath test, this was only true for 2 of the 14 MO participants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Those in CM achieved abstinence quicker and with fewer lapses than those engaged in MO speaking to the efficacy of the schedule of financial reinforcement. This is particularly important within presurgical populations given the potential benefits to postoperative cardiovascular and wound infection risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While the efficacy of CM as an intervention is well established, this secondary analysis provides insight into the individual behavior patterns underlying successful abstinence. Those assigned to CM were not only more likely to achieve abstinence, but did so more quickly and with fewer instances of relapse. This is of particular importance to those scheduled for surgery where achieving abstinence as early as possible impacts on the risk of postoperative complications. CM interventions may be particularly well suited for critical windows in which timely and sustained abstinence is advantageous.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntad071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T01:23:13Z","timestamp":1683595393000},"page":"1614-1618","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Secondary Analysis of a Preliminary Contingency Management Intervention for Presurgical Cancer Patients: Evaluating Individual Participant Data"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Brandon T","family":"Sanford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7978-8416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin A","family":"Toll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA"},{"name":"Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA"},{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, Yale University , New Haven, CT , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M","family":"Fucito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, Yale University , New Haven, CT , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3313-1579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathaniel L","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suchitra","family":"Krishnan-Sarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, Yale University , New Haven, CT , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA"},{"name":"Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9964-7036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven L","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center , Hanover, NH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1531-9287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alana M","family":"Rojewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA"},{"name":"Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01581.x","article-title":"Contingency management for treatment of substance use disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Prendergast","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000277","article-title":"Follow-up treatment effects of contingency management and motivational interviewing on substance use: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Sayegh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav."},{"issue":"9","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02592-8","article-title":"Incentives for viral suppression in people living with HIV: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Silverman","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2018.10.005","article-title":"The role of the individual in the coming era of process-based therapy","volume":"117","author":"Hayes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/jaba.800","article-title":"mMotiv8: a smartphone-based contingency management intervention to promote smoking cessation","volume":"54","author":"Dallery","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Behav Anal."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1002\/jaba.89","article-title":"Internet-based contingency management to promote smoking cessation: a randomized controlled study","volume":"46","author":"Dallery","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Appl Behav Anal."},{"key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.030","article-title":"Contingency management for smoking cessation among treatment-seeking patients in a community setting","volume":"140","author":"Secades-Villa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200801888996","article-title":"The effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions prior to surgery: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Cropley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-011-9652-x","article-title":"Short-term preoperative smoking cessation and postoperative complications: \u00ad\u00ada \u00adsystematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200505000-00005","article-title":"Determination of the duration of preoperative smoking cessation to improve wound healing after head and neck surgery","volume":"102","author":"Kuri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa266","article-title":"A preoperative contingency management intervention for smoking abstinence in cancer patients: a preliminary randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Rojewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0012","first-page":"1200","article-title":"US public health service clinical practice guideline: treating tobacco use and dependence","volume":"45","author":"Fiore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Respir Care."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.04.035","article-title":"Impact of smoking cessation before resection of lung cancer: a Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database study","volume":"88","author":"Mason","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0014","first-page":"CD002294","article-title":"Interventions for preoperative smoking cessation","volume":"2014","author":"Thomsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6591","article-title":"Effect of preoperative smoking cessation interventions on postoperative complications and smoking cessation","volume":"96","author":"Thomsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1541-4","article-title":"Changes in the relative reinforcing effects of cigarette smoking as a function of initial abstinence","volume":"205","author":"Yoon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0008-5","article-title":"Influence of the duration of abstinence on the relative reinforcing effects of cigarette smoking","volume":"181","author":"Lussier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.2008.41-481","article-title":"Effects of initial abstinence and programmed lapses on the relative reinforcing effects of cigarette smoking","volume":"41","author":"Chivers","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Behav Anal."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027802","article-title":"Investigating reinforcer magnitude and reinforcer delay: a contingency management analog study","volume":"20","author":"Packer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000500","article-title":"Reinforcer pathology and response to contingency management for smoking cessation","volume":"34","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Roz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav."},{"key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2018.04.010","article-title":"Using a randomized controlled trial to test whether modifications to contingency management improve outcomes for heavy drinkers with serious mental illness","volume":"69","author":"Oluwoye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473710801030340","article-title":"Contingency management for smoking cessation: where do we go from here","volume":"1","author":"Ledgerwood","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Drug Abuse Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081908302140800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2014.12092.x","article-title":"Nationwide dissemination of contingency management: the veterans administration initiative","volume":"23","author":"Petry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Addict."}],"container-title":["Nicotine and Tobacco Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntad071\/50482560\/ntad071.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/25\/9\/1614\/51173703\/ntad071.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/25\/9\/1614\/51173703\/ntad071.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T08:31:04Z","timestamp":1692433864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article\/25\/9\/1614\/7157151"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntad071","relation":{},"ISSN":["1469-994X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1469-994X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]}}}