{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T09:00:57Z","timestamp":1740128457739,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Exposure to tobacco imagery creates a positive impression about smoking and is associated with youth smoking uptake.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From the list of movies released during 2015\u20132019, we selected the top 10 movies per year rated by the Malaysian Film Development Corporation. Two researchers coded tobacco imagery in each movie considering 5-minute time intervals as a unit. The 5-minute interval coding was adopted from previous research for comparability. Frequencies and the average occurrence of tobacco imagery were compared by movie language, genre, and age categorization.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 50 movies analyzed, there were a total of 1037 five-minute intervals of which 26 (52%) movies and 277 (26.7%) of intervals tobacco imagery were present. Brand appearances were absent and health warnings about tobacco use were present in just one movie. The proportions of intervals containing actual use, paraphernalia, and implied use were 63.5%, 22.0%, and 14.5%. Tobacco imagery of actual use, paraphernalia, and implied use was present in 25, 20, and 10 movies, respectively. In those movies with tobacco imagery, the average number of occurrences of actual use, paraphernalia, and implied use was 3 (interquartile range [IQR] 2\u201311.5), 2.5 (IQR 1.3\u20134.0), and 1 (IQR 1\u20134), respectively. Movies classified as \u201cp13\u201d (median 6, IQR 6\u201313) and \u201c18\u201d (median 5, IQR 0\u201315) had higher average occurrences of tobacco imagery than \u201cU\u201d movies (median 0, IQR 0\u20132; p = .028).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The lack of health warnings despite the presence of tobacco imagery in Malaysian movies calls for measures to regulate tobacco-related content and reclassify such movies as \u201cfor adults-only.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tobacco imagery was prevalent in Malaysian movies that are allowed viewing by individuals aged 13 years and above. A review of the age categorization of Malaysian movies and the placement of health warnings in movies is needed. A comprehensive implementation of the ban on tobacco advertisements, promotion, and sponsorship should also include a ban on tobacco imagery in movies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntad198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T22:54:03Z","timestamp":1697064843000},"page":"508-511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tobacco Imagery in the 50 Most Popular Malaysian Movies Released During 2015\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Tay Jeanloong","family":"Billy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5693-7631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandrashekhar T","family":"Sreeramareddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phyu Synn","family":"Oo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saint Nwe","family":"Aye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10082","key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30819-X","article-title":"Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"389","author":"Reitsma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5585\/remark.v12i2.2507","article-title":"I saw it in the movies, but does that matter? Product placement in a cross-cultural study between Brazil and the USA","volume":"12","author":"Boeing","year":"2013","journal-title":"ReMark-Rev Bras Mark"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0003","first-page":"73","article-title":"Tobacco and the movie industry","volume":"5","author":"Charlesworth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Occup Environ Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2005.015586","article-title":"Prevalence of smoking among major movie characters: 1996\u20132004","volume":"15","author":"Worth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0005","volume-title":"Smoke-Free Movies: From Evidence to Action","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015","edition":"3"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0141","article-title":"Smoking in the movies increases adolescent smoking: a review","volume":"116","author":"Charlesworth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2011.043539","article-title":"Tobacco use in Bollywood movies, tobacco promotional activities and their association with tobacco use among Indian adolescents","volume":"21","author":"Arora","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1136\/heartasia-2012-010166","article-title":"Tobacco imagery in Bollywood films: 2006\u20132008","volume":"5","author":"Nazar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart Asia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2018-054613","article-title":"Assessment of tobacco imagery and compliance with tobacco-free rules in popular Indian films","volume":"29","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.130716","article-title":"Tobacco and tobacco branding in films most popular in the UK from 1989 to 2008","volume":"65","author":"Lyons","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax."},{"issue":"12","key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-214743","article-title":"Tobacco and tobacco branding in films most popular in the UK from 2009 to 2017","volume":"75","author":"Barker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorax."},{"key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0012","first-page":"tobaccocon2022","article-title":"Tobacco imagery in popular films in China from 2001 to 2020: a declining trend","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0013","first-page":"313","article-title":"SEATCA Tobacco Industry Interference Index: a tool for measuring implementation of WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Article 53","volume-title":"Tob Control.","author":"Assunta","year":"2016"},{"volume-title":"Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: EU Citizenship Report 2020: Empowering Citizens and Protecting their Rights","year":"2020","author":"Directorate-General for Environment","key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0014"},{"volume-title":"Film Screenplay (Abstract) Registration and Administration","author":"China Film Administration","key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0015"},{"issue":"7326","key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7326.1394","article-title":"Effect of seeing tobacco use in films on trying smoking among adolescents: cross sectional study","volume":"323","author":"Sargent","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"volume-title":"The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 2003 and Related Rules and Regulations","year":"2009","author":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare","key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0017"},{"volume-title":"Tobacco Control in Practice Article 13: Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and Sponsorship","year":"2012","author":"World Health Organization","key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0018"},{"key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2378-x","article-title":"Comparison of tobacco and alcohol use in films produced in Europe, Latin America, and the United States","volume":"15","author":"Barrientos-Gutierrez","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2024032214200549100_CIT0020","first-page":"3","article-title":"Can cigarette warnings counterbalance effects of smoking scenes in movies","volume-title":"Psychol Rep.","author":"Golmier","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["Nicotine and Tobacco Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntad198\/52311617\/ntad198.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/26\/4\/508\/56771535\/ntad198.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/26\/4\/508\/56771535\/ntad198.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T14:20:26Z","timestamp":1711117226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article\/26\/4\/508\/7306846"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntad198","relation":{},"ISSN":["1469-994X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-994X"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]}}}