{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T09:01:07Z","timestamp":1740128467430,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA039678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA039678"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Fagerstr\u00f6m test for cigarette dependence (FTCD) and Brief Wisconsin index of smoking dependence motives (WISDM) are widely used measures of smoking dependence. The FTCD was previously found to have 1-factor and 2-factor structures and Brief WISDM has been found to have an 11-factor and 11-factor hierarchical structure. As such, the current study sought to further investigate the psychometric properties of the FTCD and Brief WISDM with a novel criminal-legal system-involved sample using both a factor-analytic and an item response theory (IRT) approach.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data from 517 criminal-legal system-involved adults (ie, 18 years of age or older) who smoke from Alabama, USA were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted on 1-factor and 2-factor structures of the FTCD and 1-factor, 11-factor, and 11-factor hierarchical structures of the Brief WISDM. IRT analyses investigating item discrimination and threshold parameters were also conducted on the brief WISDM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The CFA showed poor fit for a single-factor structure and mixed results for two 2-factor results for the FTCD. CFA also showed poor fit for a single-factor and mixed results for the 11-factor model. Initial IRT investigations using the 11-factor model showed strong item discrimination, but non-ordered threshold parameters.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two-factor structures for the FTCD and the 11-factor model for the Brief WISDM were partially supported in a criminal-legal population, suggesting continued support for the multidimensional structure of the measures. Additionally, exploratory IRT analyses suggested good discrimination across the use spectrum for the Brief WISDM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Fagerstr\u00f6m Test of Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) and Brief Wisconsin index of smoking dependence motives (WISDM) are two widely used measures of nicotine dependence, though previous research has shown mixed results for their internal consistency and factor structure. The current study used a unique sample of criminal-legal-involved participants who generally have moderate to high levels of nicotine dependence. The current study found that the FTCD displayed poor internal consistency, a poor fit for a single-factor model, but mixed support for two two-factor models. The Brief-WISDM was found to have strong internal consistency, a poor fit for a single-factor model, but mixed fit for an 11-factor model and good item discrimination.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T02:24:07Z","timestamp":1706149447000},"page":"976-983","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychometric Properties of the FTCD and Brief WISDM: Support for Validity in a Legal-System-Involved Sample"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1902-3045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew P","family":"Bontemps","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9876-5460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan E","family":"Piper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin\u2013\u2013Madison , Madison, WI , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen L","family":"Cropsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200600672765","article-title":"Assessing tobacco dependence: a guide to measure evaluation and selection","volume":"8","author":"Piper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2022.00901","article-title":"A widening divide: cigarette smoking trends among people with substance use disorder and criminal legal involvement","volume":"42","author":"Saloner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health affairs (Project Hope)"},{"issue":"46","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6946a4","article-title":"Tobacco product use among adults\u2014United States, 2019","volume":"69","author":"Cornelius","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1177\/1078345809333388","article-title":"Resumption of smoking after release from a tobacco-free correctional facility","volume":"15","author":"Lincoln","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Correct Health Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty088","article-title":"Systematic review of factors influencing smoking following release from smoke-free prisons","volume":"21","author":"Puljevi\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0006","first-page":"348","article-title":"Community corrections and the health of criminal justice populations","volume":"41","author":"Matz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Health Hum Serv Adm."},{"issue":"7","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2115687","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.15687","article-title":"Feasibility and acceptability of a smoking cessation program for individuals released from an urban, pretrial jail: a pilot randomized clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"Winkelman","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.197","article-title":"Forced smoking abstinence: not enough for smoking cessation","volume":"173","author":"Clarke","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1017\/jsc.2016.3","article-title":"Tobacco use among people who have been in prison: relapse and factors associated with trying to quit","volume":"12","author":"Frank","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Smok Cessat"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(78)90024-2","article-title":"Measuring degree of physical dependence to tobacco smoking with reference to individualization of treatment","volume":"3","author":"Fagerstr\u00f6m","year":"1978","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"issue":"9","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x","article-title":"The fagerstr\u00f6m test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire","volume":"86","author":"Heatherton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Addict."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntr137","article-title":"Determinants of tobacco use and renaming the FTND to the Fagerstrom test for cigarette dependence","volume":"14","author":"Fagerstr\u00f6m","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/1462220031000073289","article-title":"A factor analysis of the Fagerstr\u00f6m test for nicotine dependence (FTND)","volume":"5","author":"Radzius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.08.015","article-title":"A confirmatory factor analysis of the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence","volume":"30","author":"Richardson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4103\/ipj.ipj_51_21","article-title":"Psychometric properties of Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ind Psychiatry J"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntq148","article-title":"The Fagerstr\u00f6m test for nicotine dependence in an Indian sample of daily smokers with poly drug use","volume":"12","author":"Jhanjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.09.005","article-title":"Item response theory analysis of Fagerstr\u00f6m test for cigarette dependence","volume":"77","author":"Svicher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.2.139","article-title":"A multiple motives approach to tobacco dependence: the Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives (WISDM-68)","volume":"72","author":"Piper","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntp109","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives (WISDM-68): a replication and extension","volume":"11","author":"Shenassa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013298","article-title":"Refining the tobacco dependence phenotype using the Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives","volume":"117","author":"Piper","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034174","article-title":"A pilot study of pain-related anxiety and smoking-dependence motives among persons with chronic pain","volume":"21","author":"Ditre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntt144","article-title":"Smoking motivation in adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder using the Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives","volume":"16","author":"Mitchell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu238","article-title":"Examination of the Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives (WISDM-68) factor structure in a sample of pregnant smokers","volume":"17","author":"Parrott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntq254","article-title":"Psychometric properties and construct validity of the brief Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives in an internet-based sample of treatment-seeking Hungarian smokers","volume":"13","author":"Vajer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts080","article-title":"Dependence and withdrawal-induced craving predict abstinence in an incentive-based model of smoking relapse","volume":"15","author":"Sweitzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntq032","article-title":"Development of the brief Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives","volume":"12","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu143","article-title":"Smoking behavior: a cross-sectional study to assess the dimensionality of the brief Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives and identify different typologies among young daily smokers","volume":"17","author":"Pancani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv113","article-title":"Psychometric characteristics of the brief Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives among a nonclinical sample of smokers","volume":"18","author":"Adkison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00036","article-title":"Evaluation of the brief Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives in African-American and European-American heavy smokers","volume-title":"Front Psychiatry.","author":"Ma","year":"2012"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu092","article-title":"Failure to replicate the structure of a Spanish-language brief Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives across three samples of Latino smokers","volume":"16","author":"Castro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.11.017","article-title":"Smoking dependence across the levels of cigarette smoking in a multiethnic sample","volume":"43","author":"Scheuermann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15390","article-title":"The associations of smoking dependence motives with depression among daily smokers","volume":"116","author":"Piirtola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"issue":"9","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0033","first-page":"1397","article-title":"The integration of classical testing theory and item response theory","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychology"},{"key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886680","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.886680","article-title":"In vivo experience with NRT to increase adherence and smoking abstinence among individuals in the criminal legal system: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Hawes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.06.005","article-title":"Reliability of the Fagerstr\u00f6m test for nicotine dependence, Minnesota nicotine withdrawal scale, and tiffany questionnaire for smoking urges in smokers with and without schizophrenia","volume":"86","author":"Weinberger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(94)90049-3","article-title":"Reliability of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire and the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence","volume":"19","author":"Pomerleau","year":"1994","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(02)00236-8","article-title":"A study of the psychometric properties of the Fagestrom test for nicotine dependence","volume":"28","author":"Chabrol","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"issue":"12","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000626","article-title":"Constructing validity: new developments in creating objective measuring instruments","volume":"31","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Assess."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000425","article-title":"Dynamic fit index cutoffs for confirmatory factor analysis models","volume":"28","author":"McNeish","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Methods."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0041","first-page":"i","article-title":"A generalized partial credit model: application of an em algorithm","volume":"1992","author":"Muraki","year":"1992","journal-title":"ETS Res Rep Ser."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i06","article-title":"mirt: a multidimensional item response theory package for the R environment","volume":"48","author":"Chalmers","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2021.721963","article-title":"Performance of polytomous IRT models with rating scale data: an investigation over sample size, instrument length, and missing data","volume-title":"Front Educ.","author":"Dai","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54205-8","volume-title":"The Basics of Item Response Theory Using R.","author":"Baker","year":"2017"},{"volume-title":"Dynamic model fit","year":"2020","author":"Wolf","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0045"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.015","article-title":"A comparison of the content-, construct- and predictive validity of the cigarette dependence scale and the Fagerstr\u00f6m test for nicotine dependence","volume":"77","author":"Etter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024072205520402700_CIT0047","first-page":"i","article-title":"An assessment of the relationship between the assumption of unidimensionality and the quality of IRT true-score equating1,2,3","volume":"1985","author":"Cook","year":"1985","journal-title":"ETS Res Rep Ser."}],"container-title":["Nicotine and Tobacco Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntae013\/56642204\/ntae013.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/26\/8\/976\/58461178\/ntae013.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/26\/8\/976\/58461178\/ntae013.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T05:56:08Z","timestamp":1721627768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article\/26\/8\/976\/7588668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntae013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1469-994X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-994X"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]}}}