{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T17:37:15Z","timestamp":1782149835200,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"New Zealand Health Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HRC 19\/641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRC 19\/641"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Royal Society and Health Research Council of New Zealand"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001513","name":"Cancer Society of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001513","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tobacco use is a major threat to health globally. A number of countries have adopted \u201cendgame goals\u201d to minimize smoking prevalence. The INSPIRED project aims to describe and compare the experiences of the first six countries to adopt an endgame goal.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data were collected on the initial experiences of endgame goals in Canada, Finland, Ireland, New Zealand (Aotearoa), Scotland, and Sweden up to 2018. Information was collated on the nature of the endgame goals, associated interventions and strategies, potential enablers and barriers, and perceived advantages and disadvantages.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The INSPIRED countries had relatively low smoking prevalences and moderate-to-strong smoke-free policies. Their endgame goals aimed for smoking prevalences of 5% or less. Target dates ranged from 2025 to 2035. Except for New Zealand (Aotearoa), all countries had an action plan to support their goal by 2018. However, none of the plans incorporated specific endgame measures. Lack of progress in reducing inequities was a key concern, despite the consideration of equity in all of the country\u2019s goals and\/or action plans. Experience with endgame goals was generally positive; however, participants thought additional interventions would be required to equitably meet their endgame goal.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was variation in the nature and approach to endgame goals. This suggests that countries should consider adopting endgame goals and strategies to suit their social, cultural, and political contexts. The experiences of the INSPIRED countries suggest that further and more significant interventions will be required for the timely and equitable achievement of endgame goals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>By 2018, six countries (Canada, Finland, Ireland, New Zealand (Aotearoa), Scotland, and Sweden) had introduced government-endorsed \u201cendgame goals,\u201d to rapidly reduce smoking prevalence to very low levels by a specified date. The nature and implementation of endgame goals were variable. Early experiences with the goals were generally positive, but progress in reducing smoking prevalence was insufficient, particularly for priority groups. This finding suggests more significant interventions (\u201cendgame interventions\u201d) and measures to reduce inequities need to be implemented to achieve endgame goals. Variation in the nature and experience of endgame goals demonstrates the importance of designing endgame strategies that suit distinct social, cultural, and political contexts.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T23:48:04Z","timestamp":1711583284000},"page":"1322-1330","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Commercial Tobacco Endgame Goals: Early Experiences From Six Countries"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9500-7744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janine","family":"Nip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago, Department of Public Health , Newtown , New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Thornley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago, Department of Public Health , Newtown , New 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Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Service Executive, National Social Inclusion Office , Dublin , Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenton","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health , Dublin , Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASH Scotland , Edinburgh , Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Gilljam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , 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