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Despite ongoing public health concerns about nicotine e-cigarette use in adolescents and young adults (AYAs), no psychometrically sound measure of nicotine e-cigarette withdrawal exists for this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mixed methods approach comprising a literature review to identify existing nicotine withdrawal items; subject matter expert feedback on existing items and novel item generation; cognitive interviews assessing the measure\u2019s instructions, items, and response options; and a large quantitative validation survey (N\u2005=\u2005997) was employed to develop the novel retrospective measure of nicotine e-cigarette withdrawal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 25-item solution comprising four subscales\u2014negative affect, negative physical symptoms, craving, and appetite\/food\u2014and an overall withdrawal score was supported. Internal reliability was excellent (mean alpha\u2005=\u20050.91), and scalar measurement invariance was reached for all subgroups tested (eg, sex, age, exclusive e-cigarette use vs. dual tobacco product use, and daily vs. non-daily nicotine vaping). Overall withdrawal and its subscales evidenced concurrent validity with time to first vape in the morning, e-cigarette dependence, and previous vaping cessation attempts, although not each subscale was associated with each outcome. Importantly, cross-sectional incremental validity analyses indicated that retrospective withdrawal accounted for variance in each outcome above and beyond e-cigarette dependence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The novel retrospective AYA Nicotine E-cigarette Withdrawal Scale (AYA NEWS) evidenced strong psychometric properties for use in this population. Future research can determine whether the AYA NEWS can be used to assess acute e-cigarette nicotine withdrawal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While e-cigarette use remains the most prevalent form of nicotine product use among AYAs, there are limited options for psychometrically sound measures of e-cigarette-related constructs in this population. Withdrawal from nicotine is associated with failed cessation attempts and continued use of nicotine-containing products, making it a critical construct within tobacco-related research. This study outlines the development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of a novel, retrospective measure of nicotine e-cigarette withdrawal. Study findings support using the Adolescent and Young Adult Nicotine E-cigarette Withdrawal Scale (NEWS) to assess retrospective withdrawal from nicotine e-cigarettes in young people.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T16:05:00Z","timestamp":1714579500000},"page":"1656-1665","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Novel Measure of Nicotine E-cigarette Withdrawal for Use With Adolescents and Young Adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4865-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghan E","family":"Morean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 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