{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T21:04:08Z","timestamp":1788555848017,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006732","name":"New York University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>E-cigarettes (ECs) may be an effective harm reduction strategy for individuals with conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, coronary artery disease (CAD), and peripheral arterial disease who smoke combustible cigarettes (CCs). Our aim was to examine how individuals with chronic conditions transition from CCs to ECs and its impact on health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT), patients with COPD, asthma, and CAD\/PAD who currently smoke CCs and have not used nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or ECs in the past 14 days were randomized to receive ECs or combination NRT with behavioral counseling. Disease symptoms, acceptability\/satisfaction (TSQM-9) and feasibility, and cigarettes per day (CPD), and\/or EC use were collected at baseline, 3-, and 6 months. Descriptive statistics and a linear regression were conducted to explore changes in CPD and chronic condition-specific assessments (CAT, SAQ-7, and ACT) that assess COPD, asthma, and CAD\/PAD symptom change.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At 3 months, the EC group (n\u2005=\u200563, mean CPD\u2005=\u20059\u2005\u00b1\u200511) reduced their CPD by 54% versus 60% in the NRT group (n\u2005=\u200558, mean CPD\u2005=\u20057\u2005\u00b1\u20056), p\u2005=\u2005.56. At 6 months, 17.5% had switched completely to ECs while 23% quit smoking in the NRT arm. CAT scores showed a significant 6-point reduction in the EC arm (p\u2005=\u2005.03). Participants scored an average of 69\u2005\u00b1\u200527 for EC effectiveness, 87\u2005\u00b1\u200523 for convenience, and 75\u2005\u00b1\u200527 for overall satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This pilot study suggests that ECs may be a safer alternative for chronic condition patients using CCs and warrants further research on expected smoking cessation\/reduction among individuals who use ECs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The findings from this pilot RCT hold significant implications for chronic conditions such as COPD, asthma, CAD, and peripheral arterial disease who smoke CCs. The observed reduction in CPD and improvement in respiratory symptoms suggest that switching to ECs appears feasible and acceptable among those with chronic diseases. These results suggest that ECs may offer an alternative for individuals struggling to quit CC smoking through existing pharmacotherapies. This study supports further exploration of switching to ECs as a harm reduction strategy among CC users who have been unsuccessful at quitting by other means.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T15:15:49Z","timestamp":1720797349000},"page":"36-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Switching to E-cigarettes as Harm Reduction Among Individuals With Chronic Disease Who Currently Smoke: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5390-8424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahathi","family":"Vojjala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine Department of Population Health, , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, NYU School of Global Public Health , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6063-1523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth R","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine Department of Population Health, , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine Department of Population Health, , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tucker","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine Department of Population Health, , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aayush","family":"Kaneria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine Department of Population Health, , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine Department of Population Health, , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Wilker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine Department of Population Health, , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Wisniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine Department of Population Health, , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Melnic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine Department of Population Health, , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"El Shahawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine Department of Population Health, , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, NYU School of Global Public Health , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth I","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Langone Department of Medicine, , New York , NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott E","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine Department of Population Health, , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"NYU Langone Department of Medicine, , New York , NY ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"VA New York Harbor Healthcare System Department of Medicine, , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024122305512376900_CIT0001","volume-title":"The Health Consequences of Smoking\u201450 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2014"},{"issue":"46","key":"2024122305512376900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6946a4","article-title":"Tobacco product use among adults - 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