{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:24:05Z","timestamp":1787775845828,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institutional Research Grant from the American Cancer Society"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006806","name":"Hollings Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRG-19-137-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRG-19-137-20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006806","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a pilot study to test the feasibility of a future randomized controlled trial comparing e-cigarettes to traditional pharmacotherapy among people who smoke daily, were motivated to quit, and failed to quit within the past 5 years using pharmacotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eligible participants were assigned to either: (1) an e-cigarette (n\u2005=\u200520) or (2) combination nicotine replacement therapy (NRT; patches and lozenges; n\u2005=\u200510). Participants received 5 weeks of product and selected a quit date 1 week later. Assessments were completed weekly, and electronic diaries were completed each day. As a pilot randomized controlled trial, outcomes focus on effect sizes and not statistical significance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants in the e-cigarette and NRT groups had a mean age of 51 (SD\u2005=\u200513) and 50 (SD\u2005=\u200510) years old, were 55% and 60% female, and were 15% and 0% nonWhite, respectively. At least 90% of participants completed each weekly assessment and 77% of participants completed at least 80% of daily diaries. Mean cigarettes smoked per day reduced from 18 (SD\u2005=\u20056.2) to 2.4 (SD\u2005=\u20054.4) per day in the e-cigarette group and 16.5 (SD\u2005=\u20058.5) to 4.9 (SD\u2005=\u20055.9) per day in the NRT group. Rates of biochemically confirmed 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at the end of treatment were numerically, but not statistically, higher in the e-cigarette group than the NRT group (35% vs. 10%, OR\u2005=\u20054.8, 95% CI\u2005=\u20050.5 to 46.5).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among current daily cigarette smokers who have previously tried to quit and failed with standard pharmacotherapies, the provision of an e-cigarette is a feasible intervention. A larger adequately powered trial is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This pilot study suggests that e-cigarettes may serve as an acceptable harm reduction intervention for people who smoke but cannot quit smoking with traditional pharmacotherapy, however, adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T22:52:16Z","timestamp":1725576736000},"page":"553-557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Pilot Study to Test the Feasibility of a Randomized Controlled Trial of E-cigarettes as Harm Reduction Tools Among People Who Smoke and Previously Failed to Quit With Pharmacotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3109-9106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy T","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"MUSC Hollings Cancer Center , Charleston, SC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MUSC Hollings Cancer Center , Charleston, SC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy E","family":"Wahlquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rural Health Research, East Tennessee State University , Johnson City, TN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7103-7017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K Michael","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"MUSC Hollings Cancer Center , Charleston, SC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1531-9287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alana M","family":"Rojewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MUSC Hollings Cancer Center , Charleston, SC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9744-7818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin A","family":"McClure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"MUSC Hollings Cancer Center , Charleston, SC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7978-8416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin A","family":"Toll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"MUSC Hollings Cancer Center , Charleston, SC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8909-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew 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