{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:57:51Z","timestamp":1787497071499,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health and Social Care","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020171","name":"Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council"},{"name":"Wellcome, UK","award":["MR\/R018456\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/R018456\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An estimated 78% of the total deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in 2019. In addition, smokeless tobacco increases the risk of all-cause mortality, all cancers, including upper aero-digestive tract cancer, stomach cancer, ischemic heart disease and stroke, with 88% of the mortality burden being borne by the South-East Asian region. Evidence-based interventions from high-income countries (HICs) are not easily transferable to LMICs, as patterns of tobacco use, health beliefs associated with tobacco use, and awareness of specific health risks vary substantially.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We synthesized the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for tobacco cessation in LMICs through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Interventional studies which delivered individual behavioral intervention and assessed abstinence from tobacco use were included. We examined the pooled intervention effect at 6 months postintervention follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For continuous abstinence at 6 months, the intervention was superior to the active comparator (RR 2.32; 95% CI 1.78 to 3.02) and usual care (RR 4.39; 95% CI 2.38 to 8.11). For point prevalence abstinence at six months, the intervention was superior to the active comparator (RR 1.76; 95% CI 1.28 to 2.44), and usual care (RR 2.37; 95% CI 1.47 to 3.81). The statistical heterogeneity was substantial to considerable for all comparisons. Only six studies had an overall low risk of bias. Publication bias was observed for all comparisons except for 6-month continuous outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Implementation research is needed to understand factors for programme sustainability and equity of the impact of behavioral interventions in reducing tobacco use in LMICs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our review is an important step towards understanding the effectiveness of behavior interventions for tobacco cessation suited for LMICs and which are responsive to the contextual needs of such countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T01:56:20Z","timestamp":1730253380000},"page":"575-585","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Behavioral Interventions for Tobacco Cessation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5832-5236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijit","family":"Nadkarni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath , Goa ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Gaikwad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath , Goa ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3764-3934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Sequeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath , Goa ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranay","family":"Javeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath , Goa ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepthy","family":"Benoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath , Goa ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marimilha Grace","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath , Goa ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Velleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath , Goa ,","place":["India"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Bath , Bath,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratima","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences , Bengaluru,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9790-2796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Naughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia , Norwich 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