{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:30:28Z","timestamp":1787009428839,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005002","name":"California Department of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDPH-20-10026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDPH-20-10026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005002","name":"California Department of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDPH-23-10363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDPH-23-10363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 HL147127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 HL147127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR001872"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR001872"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In December 2022, a California law banned the retail sale of most flavored tobacco products (including e-cigarettes). This investigation evaluates adolescents\u2019 use of flavored tobacco before and after enactment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Teens Nicotine and Tobacco Project included online surveys of California adolescents (age 12\u201317) in 2022 (N\u2005=\u20055127) and 2023 (N\u2005=\u20055015) that assessed past 30-day use of various tobacco products, flavored product use, and perceived access to flavored e-cigarettes. Eight focus groups conducted in 2023 and 2024 (total N\u2005=\u200535) queried flavored tobacco experiences and perceptions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among participants who used specific products, the prevalence of flavored product use declined for cigarettes (2022: 72.0%; 2023: 57.2%), cigars (2022: 87.2%; 2023: 67.4%), and smokeless tobacco (2022: 93.1%; 2023: 83.1%) but not for e-cigarettes (2022: 91.0%; 2023: 90.7%) or hookah (2022: 88.1%; 2023: 85.6%; the flavor law exempted some hookah sales). In 2023, 10.2% of all participants used any flavored tobacco product (2022: 10.0%), primarily flavored e-cigarettes (2022: 8.6%; 2023: 8.8%). In 2023, 22.0% of all participants were aware of the statewide flavor ban, including 44.1% of participants who reported tobacco use. Few focus group participants were aware of the statewide law or perceived difficulties accessing flavored e-cigarettes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Shortly following a statewide flavor ban, adolescent use of flavored cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco declined, but flavored e-cigarette use was unchanged. More time for implementation and enforcement may be needed to see full policy impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that a statewide flavored tobacco policy in California was followed shortly by declines in adolescent use of some flavored tobacco products. Additional time for implementation and enforcement, along with potential further actions, such as greater restrictions on online sales, could be necessary to curb youth access to flavored e-cigarettes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T15:21:19Z","timestamp":1730992879000},"page":"1035-1042","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among California Adolescents Before and Immediately After a Statewide Flavor Ban"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2046-4035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin W","family":"Chaffee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2221-0485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Candice D","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, California Tobacco Control Branch , Sacramento, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth T","family":"Couch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Guerra Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omara","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, California Tobacco Control Branch , Sacramento, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy F","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niloufar","family":"Ameli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica L","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, California Tobacco Control Branch , Sacramento, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart A","family":"Gansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, California Tobacco Control Branch , Sacramento, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin S","family":"Hoeft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv176","article-title":"Flavored tobacco products in the United States: a systematic review assessing use and attitudes","volume":"18","author":"Feirman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14040338","article-title":"Perceptions and experiences with flavored non-menthol tobacco products: a systematic review of qualitative studies","volume":"14","author":"Kowitt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab086","article-title":"Sensory effects of nicotine and tobacco","volume":"24","author":"Carstens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/125513","article-title":"Electronic cigarette and moist snuff product characteristics independently associated with youth tobacco product perceptions","volume":"18","author":"Chaffee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv151","article-title":"The most natural tobacco used: a qualitative investigation of young adult smokers\u2019 risk perceptions of flavored little cigars and cigarillos","volume":"18","author":"Sterling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"44","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7244a1","article-title":"Tobacco product use among U.S. middle and high school students - national youth tobacco survey, 2023","volume":"72","author":"Birdsey","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0007","author":"Truth Initiative","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab188","article-title":"A comprehensive qualitative review of studies evaluating the impact of local US laws restricting the sale of flavored and menthol tobacco products","volume":"24","author":"Rogers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntad121","article-title":"The effect of state and local flavored cigar sales restrictions, on retail sales of large cigars, cigarillos, and little cigars in Massachusetts, California, Illinois, and New York","volume":"26","author":"Diaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntad158","article-title":"Changes in sales of vaping products and cigarettes associated with the New York State flavored vaping product sales restriction","volume":"26","author":"Brown","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X211051873","article-title":"Are California\u2019s local flavored tobacco sales restrictions effective in reducing the retail availability of flavored tobacco products? A multicomponent evaluation","volume":"45","author":"Andersen-Rodgers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eval Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1177\/08901171211068469","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of strong and weak California flavored tobacco sales restriction policies on the tobacco retail environment","volume":"36","author":"Welwean","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot."},{"issue":"8","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae017","article-title":"Cross-state border nicotine vaping products purchase - early evidence from state emergency sales restrictions in 2019","volume":"26","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.06.022","article-title":"Cigarette use before and after the 2009 flavored cigarette ban","volume":"67","author":"Rossheim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health."},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"tc","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2023-058149","article-title":"Still \u201cCool\u201d: tobacco industry responds to state-wide menthol ban with synthetic coolants","author":"Page","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107197","article-title":"Closing the loopholes on a flavored cigar ban: anticipated challenges and solutions","volume":"165","author":"Schroth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prev Med."},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0017","author":"SB-793 flavored tobacco products","year":"2020"},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0018","author":"Public Health Law Center","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proposition 31 in California passed! Now what? November 9"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2023.05.012","article-title":"Flavored tobacco and nicotine use among California adolescents: preferences by use experience and survey format effects","volume":"73","author":"Donaldson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health."},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0020","author":"Chaffee","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadr.2022.100068","article-title":"Preferences, use, and perceived access to flavored e-cigarettes among United States adolescents and young adults","volume":"3","author":"Chaffee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31823ab7d2","article-title":"a national registry to recruit volunteers for clinical research","volume":"87","author":"Harris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acad Med."},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0023","author":"Clodfelter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Results of the 2023 California youth tobacco survey"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e152285","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.2285","article-title":"Association of smoke-free laws with lower percentages of new and current smokers among adolescents and young adults: an 11-year longitudinal study","volume":"169","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1177\/10901981211027520","article-title":"Impact of local flavored tobacco sales restrictions on policy-related attitudes and tobacco product access","volume":"49","author":"Feld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav."},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104041","article-title":"Variation in adults\u2019 use of flavored tobacco products by sales restrictions in California jurisdictions","volume":"116","author":"Timberlake","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac200","article-title":"Flavored tobacco sales restrictions and teen E-cigarette use: quasi-experimental evidence from California","volume":"25","author":"Dove","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2020.100273","article-title":"The impact of a comprehensive tobacco product flavor ban in San Francisco among young adults","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict Behav Rep."},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-056494","article-title":"Implementation of a comprehensive flavoured tobacco product sales restriction and retail tobacco sales","author":"Gammon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"tc","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2023-058269","article-title":"E-commerce licensing loopholes: a case study of online shopping for tobacco products following a statewide sales restriction on flavoured tobacco in California","author":"Leas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2348749","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.48749","article-title":"Online purchase attempts of flavored E-cigarettes to minors in California before and after Senate Bill 793","volume":"6","author":"Donaldson","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae011","article-title":"The impact of menthol cigarette bans: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Mills","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2023-058074","article-title":"Proliferation of \u201cnon-menthol\u201d cigarettes amid a state-wide flavour ban","author":"Meza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"issue":"17","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.17134","article-title":"Synthetic cooling agent and other flavor additives in \u201cnon-menthol\u201d cigarettes marketed in California and Massachusetts after menthol cigarette bans","volume":"330","author":"Jabba","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2023.102506","article-title":"Concept flavor e-cigarette unit sales in the U.S.: 2019-2022","volume":"36","author":"Majmundar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7219","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127219","article-title":"Dissonance in young adult cigarillo users\u2019 categorization of concept flavored and unflavored products","volume":"19","author":"Osborn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2020-056229","article-title":"Changes in cigarillo availability following implementation of a local flavoured tobacco sales restriction","author":"Rogers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"tc","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2023-058292","article-title":"Backwoods cigars release \u201cCalifornia Range\u201d of products with concept flavour names","author":"Osborn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"issue":"23","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.19692","article-title":"Cigar sales in convenience stores in the US, 2009-2020","volume":"326","author":"Delnevo","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107063","article-title":"Effect of flavored E-cigarette bans in the United States: what does the evidence show","volume":"165","author":"Siegel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prev Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062420064187100_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549211065518","article-title":"COVID-19 testing among US children, parental preferences for testing venues, and acceptability of school-based testing","volume":"137","author":"Teasdale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."}],"container-title":["Nicotine and Tobacco Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntae261\/60875453\/ntae261.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/27\/6\/1035\/60875453\/ntae261.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/27\/6\/1035\/60875453\/ntae261.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T20:06:49Z","timestamp":1750795609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article\/27\/6\/1035\/7890933"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntae261","relation":{},"ISSN":["1469-994X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1469-994X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]}}}