{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:52:56Z","timestamp":1790153576137,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>National estimates of tobacco use are reported by racial category after excluding all individuals who identify as Hispanic (e.g., non-Hispanic [NH], Black, and NH-White). In this study, we assess the impact of excluding Hispanics from racial categories on national estimates of youth tobacco use in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We pooled four years of Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance Survey (YRBSS) data (2015\u20132021). Participants were n\u2005=\u200560\u2005327 high school students (9\u201312th grade). We report the prevalence of past 30-day (current) use of cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, and electronic cigarettes, stratified by racial category: (1) American Indian\/Alaskan Native (AI\/AN); (2) Asian; (3) Black; (4) Native Hawaiian\/Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI); (5) White; (6) multiracial; and (7) unspecific. Within racial category, we compared the prevalence for each product between NH and Hispanic youth; comparisons controlled for sex, grade, and year.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Descriptively, the majority of AI\/ANs (75.6%) and Pacific Islanders (58.9%) identified as Hispanics, as did a minority of multiracial (20.6%), White (14.6%), Black (8.2%), and Asian (7.9%) youth. Prevalence estimates were significantly greater for all four tobacco products among Hispanic-Asian and Hispanic-Black youth, relative to their NH counterparts. Conversely, tobacco use was lower among Hispanic-White youth relative to NH-Whites.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Systematically removing Hispanics from classification within each racial category results in an underestimation of tobacco use among Asian and Black youth, an overestimation of tobacco use among White youth, and unstable estimates among AI\/AN and NHOPI youth. These findings challenge the utility of the \u201crace\/ethnicity\u201d variable in the study of youth in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Findings highlight the need to reconsider the operationalization of \u201crace\/ethnicity\u201d which currently excludes Hispanics from each racial category. Hispanic ethnicity appears to function as a \u201cwithin-group\u201d difference; the study of these within-group differences may provide unique insights into tobacco use disparities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T04:27:39Z","timestamp":1732163259000},"page":"1359-1366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Impact of Hispanic Ethnicity on Adolescent Tobacco Use Estimates in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1122-4849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dale S","family":"Mantey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UTHealth, University of Texas School of Public Health Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, , TX 78701 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, UTHealth, University of Texas School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, , TX 78701 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living , TX 78701 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, UTHealth, University of Texas School of Public Health , TX 78701 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living , TX 78701 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1805-8863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna V","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, UTHealth, University of Texas School of Public Health , TX 78701 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living , TX 78701 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3890-9733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie L","family":"Clendennen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, UTHealth, University of Texas School of Public Health , TX 78701 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living , TX 78701 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LaTrice","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , OH 45219 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa B","family":"Harrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, UTHealth, University of Texas School of Public Health , TX 78701 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living , TX 78701 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025072201522922100_CIT0001","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Hispanics Account for more than Half of Nation\u2019s Growth in Past Decade","author":"Passel","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072201522922100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2217\/pme-2021-0129","article-title":"The United States 2020 Census data: implications for precision medicine and the research landscape","volume":"19","author":"Roman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Personalized Med"},{"key":"2025072201522922100_CIT0003","volume-title":"The Health Consequences of Smoking\u201450 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072201522922100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gby057","article-title":"Trajectories of aging among US older adults: mixed evidence for a Hispanic paradox","volume":"75","author":"Tarraf","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072201522922100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.37.1.145","article-title":"Unraveling the Hispanic health paradox","volume":"37","author":"Fernandez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Econ Perspect."},{"key":"2025072201522922100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.15195\/v7.a16","article-title":"Signs of the end of the paradox? 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