{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T04:10:10Z","timestamp":1758859810520,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005002","name":"California Department of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDPH-19-10009","CDPH-22-10081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDPH-19-10009","CDPH-22-10081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"California Health and Human Services Agency"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Low-income individuals bear a disproportionate share of the burden of tobacco use. This study tested the feasibility of increasing a quitline\u2019s reach to low-income tobacco users by collaborating with 211 information and referral agencies, which primarily serve people experiencing economic hardship.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Study participants (N\u2005=\u2005114\u00a0888) were adult tobacco users referred to the California quitline by 211 agencies, referred by healthcare clinics, or self-referred from April 17, 2021 to December 31, 2023. All were offered telephone counseling. Those referred by 211 received $20 for completing one counseling session. A subset (n\u2005=\u20052021) was followed up at 7 months. Referral outcomes, baseline characteristics, counseling and quitting aid utilization, and quitting outcomes were analyzed by referral source in 2024.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Over a 2.7-year period, 211 agencies referred 55\u00a0151 clients to the quitline. Participants referred by 211 were more than twice as likely as healthcare-referred participants to enroll in quitline services (34.0% vs. 15.9%, p\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001). They were more likely than healthcare- and self-referred participants to be female, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or\u00a0queer\/questioning, Black or multiracial, younger, less educated, and Medicaid-insured; more likely to complete a first counseling session (64.2% vs. 59.7% and 55.7%; both ps\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001); and completed a similar number of sessions, 2.4. They were less likely to use quitting aids. Quit rates (ie, 30-day point prevalence abstinence) at 7-month follow-up were similar for all three groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A collaboration between a quitline and 211 agencies connected large numbers of underserved, low-income tobacco users to evidence-based cessation treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study shows that quitlines and 211 agencies can collaborate effectively to help low-income tobacco users quit. It shows that when offered a modest incentive, 211-referred participants engage in counseling as much as healthcare- and self-referred participants and are as likely to quit. If 211 agencies across the US referred at the same rate as agencies in this study, an estimated 65\u00a0000 additional tobacco users annually would receive treatment. Total reach at full implementation would likely be much higher. Quitline and 211 funders and other supporters should find ways to sustain these gains and expand their reach.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T19:01:56Z","timestamp":1736794916000},"page":"1713-1720","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increasing a Quitline\u2019s Reach to Low-Income Tobacco Users Through 211 Agencies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4149-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Hong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Aughinbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea S","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue-Lin","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ding","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Mayoral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1801-6604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher M","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tonia","family":"Hagaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Tobacco Prevention Program, California Department of Public Health , Sacramento, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.4278\/ajhp.100611-QUAN-185","article-title":"Quitline utilization rates of African-American and white smokers: the California experience","volume":"25","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntr129","article-title":"African American participation and success in telephone counseling for smoking cessation","volume":"14","author":"Rabius","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntt181","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of quitline awareness and utilization in the United States: an update from the 2009\u20132010 National Adult Tobacco Survey","volume":"16","author":"Schauer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.168385","article-title":"Use of a smokers\u2019 quitline by Asian language speakers: results from 15 years of operation in California","volume":"100","author":"Zhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"11","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw154","article-title":"Characteristics of American Indian\/Alaskan Native quitline callers across 14 states","volume":"18","author":"Lukowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntz205","article-title":"American Indian\/Alaska Native smokers\u2019 utilization of a statewide tobacco quitline: engagement and quitting behaviors from 2008 to 2018","volume":"23","author":"Lienemann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1017\/jsc.2016.18","article-title":"Characteristics of LGBT quitline participants across 14 states","volume":"12","author":"Lukowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Smok Cessat"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntad160","article-title":"LGBTQ utilization of a statewide tobacco quitline: engagement and quitting behavior, 2010\u20132022","volume":"26","author":"Anderson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"0 3","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2010.526172","article-title":"Awareness and use of tobacco quitlines: evidence from the Health Information National Trends Survey","volume":"15","author":"Kaufman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Health Commun."},{"key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.07.031","article-title":"The Medi-Cal Incentives to Quit Smoking Project: impact of statewide outreach through health channels","volume":"55","author":"Tong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E84","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd20.230033","article-title":"A safety net tobacco use cessation resource: quitline service usage, 2019","volume":"20","author":"Tetlow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0012","first-page":"1401","article-title":"Association between cigarette smoking prevalence and income level: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Casetta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.07.001","article-title":"Trends in smoking and obesity among US adults before, during, and after the great recession and Affordable Care Act roll-out","volume":"102","author":"Pernenkil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0014","first-page":"269","article-title":"Disparities in current cigarette smoking among US adults, 2002\u20132016","volume":"29","author":"Agaku","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107836","article-title":"With socioeconomic status controlled, cigarette use is lower among American Indians\/Alaska Natives than whites","volume":"211","author":"Cunningham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"18","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7218a1","article-title":"Tobacco product use among adults\u2014United States, 2021","volume":"72","author":"Cornelius","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.07.017","article-title":"The growing proportion of smokers in Medicaid and implications for public policy","volume":"55","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2021.11.008","article-title":"Re-examining phone counseling for smoking cessation: does the evidence apply to low-SES smokers","volume":"105","author":"Garg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns."},{"key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd20.220214","article-title":"Appeal of tobacco quitline services among low-income smokers","volume":"20","author":"Grimes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis."},{"key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.07.007","article-title":"Effects of offering nicotine patches, incentives, or both on quitline demand","volume":"55","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.07.015","article-title":"Incentives and patches for Medicaid smokers: an RCT","volume":"55","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"year":"2019","author":"Federal Communications Commission","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0022"},{"year":"2024","author":"United Way Greater Toronto","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0023"},{"author":"211.org","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0024"},{"author":"California 2-1-1","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0025"},{"author":"California Public Utilities Commission","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0026"},{"year":"2020","author":"California Department of Public Health, California Tobacco Control Program","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0027"},{"key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2012.09.026","article-title":"Advancing collaborative research with 2-1-1 to reduce health disparities: challenges, opportunities, and recommendations","volume":"43","author":"Hall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.64.1.202","article-title":"Telephone counseling for smoking cessation: effects of single-session and multiple-session interventions","volume":"64","author":"Zhu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psych"},{"issue":"14","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa020660","article-title":"Evidence of real-world effectiveness of a telephone quitline for smokers","volume":"347","author":"Zhu","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.3751","article-title":"Ask-Advise-Connect: a new approach to smoking treatment delivery in health care settings","volume":"173","author":"Vidrine","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"52","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6552a1","article-title":"Quitting smoking among adults\u2014United States, 2000\u20132015","volume":"65","author":"Babb","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"volume-title":"Smoking Cessation. A Report of the Surgeon General","year":"2020","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0033"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1556-6676.1996.tb02319.x","article-title":"Telephone counseling for smoking cessation: what\u2019s in a call","volume":"75","author":"Zhu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Couns Dev"},{"key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i16","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2007.019976","article-title":"Minimal dataset for quitlines: a best practice","volume":"16","author":"Campbell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0159127","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159127","article-title":"Smokers with self-reported mental health conditions: a case for screening in the context of tobacco cessation services","volume":"11","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"34","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0037","first-page":"667","article-title":"Increases in quitline calls and smoking cessation website visitors during a national tobacco education campaign\u2014March 19\u2013June 10, 2012","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.11.006","article-title":"The quit experience and concerns of smokers with psychiatric illness","volume":"50","author":"Tulloch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.06.007","article-title":"Smoking and the reduced life expectancy of individuals with serious mental illness","volume":"51","author":"Tam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntz223","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness of smoking cessation strategies for young and older adults: findings from a nationally representative cohort","volume":"22","author":"Watkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.09.008","article-title":"Leveling the playing field: mailing pharmacotherapy to Medicaid members who smoke","volume":"64","author":"McQueen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2012.09.024","article-title":"Reach, effectiveness, and connections: the case for partnering with 2-1-1 to eliminate health disparities","volume":"43","author":"Kreuter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179173X20943565","DOI":"10.1177\/1179173X20943565","article-title":"Targeting nonsmokers to help smokers quit: features of a large-scale intervention","volume":"13","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tob Use Insights"},{"key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2012.09.004","article-title":"Use of cancer control referrals by 2-1-1 callers: a randomized trial","volume":"43","author":"Kreuter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1177\/08901171211041276","article-title":"Evaluation of a 2-1-1 telephone navigation program to increase cancer control behaviors: results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Fernandez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot."},{"key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0046","first-page":"100529","article-title":"Helping low-income smokers quit: findings from a randomized controlled trial comparing specialized quitline services with and without social needs navigation","volume":"23","author":"Kreuter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am"},{"key":"2025092523420814200_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107202","article-title":"Expanding population-level interventions to help more low-income smokers quit: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"129","author":"Wolff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials."}],"container-title":["Nicotine and Tobacco Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntae294\/61410824\/ntae294.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/27\/10\/1713\/61410824\/ntae294.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/27\/10\/1713\/61410824\/ntae294.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T03:43:44Z","timestamp":1758858224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article\/27\/10\/1713\/7951481"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntae294","relation":{},"ISSN":["1469-994X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-994X"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]}}}