{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:30:35Z","timestamp":1791502235574,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]],"date-time":"2025-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-DA051843 (Valente) and F31-DA056189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-DA051843 (Valente) and F31-DA056189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms of social influence driving e-cigarette use in adolescent social networks and differentiate between the effects of exposure to friend behavior and social norms on individual use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surveys on health behaviors and friendship networks from nine high schools in Southern California (N\u2005=\u20052245; 48% Hispanic) were collected at three time points from Spring 2021 of grade 9, Fall 2021, and Spring 2022 of grade 10. Stochastic actor-oriented models for the co-evolution of social networks and behavior dynamics tested for friendship network social influences on e-cigarette use. Two mechanisms of social influence were estimated, exposure to friend behavior (e-cigarette use among friends) and pro-e-cigarette social norms (perceived peer approval and use of e-cigarettes), while controlling for social selection, individual covariates, and endogenous network effects. Results from the nine schools were combined in a meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings revealed social influence effects through exposure to friend e-cigarette use and pro-e-cigarette social norms, which both had significant positive influences on individual e-cigarette initiation over time. Furthermore, Hispanic\/Latine individuals and females were more likely to initiate e-cigarette use compared to males and non-Hispanic\/Latine students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The importance of these effects should be considered in tobacco prevention initiatives. Designing culturally tailored interventions that target youth social networks and e-cigarette social norms could be effective at curtailing adolescent use. Changing perceptions and social acceptability of e-cigarettes could be one way to slow or prevent the spread of e-cigarette use in adolescent networks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings demonstrate the role of social influence on adolescent e-cigarette use through two mechanisms, both friend behavior and social norms. A shift in prevention strategies toward addressing social dynamics and social norms rather than focusing solely on individual-level factors may be effective in curtailing use. Changing social perceptions and reducing the social acceptability of e-cigarette use may help slow the spread in adolescent networks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaf065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T16:22:29Z","timestamp":1741796549000},"page":"1583-1590","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Network Dynamics of Social Influence on E-cigarette Use Among an Ethnically Diverse Adolescent Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5118-7897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E","family":"Piombo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla","family":"de la 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