{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:30:30Z","timestamp":1787009430163,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 GM132494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 GM132494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Modern pod-style electronic cigarette (ECIG) devices appear to have a high potential for abuse, though minimal laboratory-based work has evaluated the effects of these products among users of ECIGs without a history of cigarette smoking. Thus, this study compared the subjective and behavioral effects of pod-style ECIGs to nicotine gum in such a sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young adult (Mage\u2005=\u200520.75 years, SD\u2005=\u20052.02) users of pod-style ECIGs (N\u2005=\u200516) completed three conditions that differed by product used: own ECIG, 4\u00a0mg nicotine gum, or placebo gum. Within sessions, participants abstained from nicotine\/tobacco use overnight and then experienced two product use bouts separated by 60 minutes. Specifically, they either used their own ECIG ad libitum for 5 minutes or chewed the gum for 30 minutes. Before and\/or after each bout, they completed subjective (eg, craving, product effects) and behavioral (multiple choice procedure) measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant decreases in intention to vape were observed from before to after use of ECIGs (p\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.01) but not after 4\u00a0mg or placebo gum. Similarly, ratings of relief and satisfaction were significantly higher for ECIGs than for either gum dose at both bouts (p\u2019s\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.01). The crossover point was higher for ECIGs than for gum, though differences were not significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pod-style devices were more reinforcing than nicotine gum in a vulnerable population of users of ECIGs. There is a clear need for continued monitoring of these modern devices, which are known for containing high concentrations of nicotine and for being attractive to younger populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with ECIG experience, but who have never regularly smoked cigarettes, represent a growing population of nicotine users. Results demonstrate that modern ECIG devices are more reinforcing than nicotine gum and therefore have a higher abuse liability for this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaf096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T19:54:24Z","timestamp":1746042864000},"page":"2152-2158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Abuse Liability of Electronic Cigarettes in Never-Smoking Electronic Cigarette Users"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5477-3007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea R","family":"Milstred","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, WV ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Bohland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, West Virginia 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