{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:29:32Z","timestamp":1787506172741,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Federal funds from the Center for Tobacco Products"},{"name":"Food and Drug Administration"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Federal funds from NIH NIDA and FDA CTP","award":["HHSN27120160001C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN27120160001C"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Flavors play an important role in e-cigarette use among both young people and adults, but evaluations of flavored e-cigarette policies have focused almost exclusively on youth. This longitudinal study examined how flavored e-cigarette policies affect tobacco use over time for different adult age groups using data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults aged 21 or above at Wave 5 (2018\u20132019) comprised the analytic sample. Multilevel models were used to examine changes in past 30-day and established e-cigarette use, and past 30-day tobacco use other than e-cigarettes at Wave 7 (2022\u20132023) for residents of states that had (vs had not) implemented flavored e-cigarette policies between Waves 5 and 7. Sociodemographic variables and state-level tobacco control policies (eg, e-cigarette tax, clean indoor air) were controlled. Regression models tested effects overall and by age group: 21\u201324, 25\u201329, 30\u201339, 40, or above. Full-sample and replicate weights accounted for the complex sample design and nonresponse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among those exposed to a flavored e-cigarette policy, there was a significant decrease in odds of past 30-day e-cigarette use for those age 21\u201324 (AOR\u2009=\u20090.59; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.97) and in odds of established e-cigarette use for those age 25\u201329 (AOR\u2009=\u20090.32; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.76) compared to those who were unexposed, adjusting for covariates. There was no change in use of tobacco products other than e-cigarettes by flavored policy exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Flavored e-cigarette policies are effective at reducing past 30-day and established e-cigarette use among younger adults (aged 21\u201329). The impact among older adults (30 or above) is less evident.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using longitudinal data and multilevel models, this study demonstrates how flavored e-cigarette policies influence e-cigarette use (and other tobacco product use) for younger adults (21\u201329). We find limited evidence of policies influencing older adults (30 or above). This work suggests that flavored e-cigarette policies may play an important role in stopping young people from initiating e-cigarette use, and in stopping older young adults who are 25\u201329 from progressing to more established e-cigarette use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaf187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T11:36:54Z","timestamp":1757072214000},"page":"156-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Effects of State-Level Flavored Electronic Cigarette Restrictions on Adult Tobacco Use Using Multilevel Modeling: Findings From the PATH Study Waves 5 and 7 (2018\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3615-6050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John H","family":"Kingsbury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse , Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, 6001 Executive Blvd, N. 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