{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:14:29Z","timestamp":1790007269103,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Department of Health and Human Services"},{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"Federal funds from the National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010628","name":"Center for Tobacco Products","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000038","name":"Food and Drug Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN271201100027C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN271201100027C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN271201600001C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN271201600001C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH NIDA"},{"name":"FDA CTP"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"NIDA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute on Minority Health"},{"name":"Health Disparities, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000118","name":"Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000118","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006085","name":"Office of Disease Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000092","name":"National Library of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cigarette discontinuation rates among adults who smoked cigarettes in the United States (US) diverged across 2013\/14\u20132021 between those who did and did not use electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). We evaluate whether trends in cigarette discontinuation rates among adults who used ENDS differed by ENDS flavor, ENDS device type, and age group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults aged \u226518 who smoked cigarettes in the past 30\u00a0days (P30D) and used ENDS in the P30D were evaluated from biennial pairs of interviews using nationally representative longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study data (2014\/15\u20132021, Waves 2\u20136, n\u2009=\u20093054). Weighted generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses were used to evaluate and test for differences in trends in cigarette discontinuation rates (no P30D smoking at follow-up) stratified by ENDS flavor (tobacco flavor only, menthol\/mint flavor only, fruit\/sweet\/other flavor only, any combination flavor), ENDS device type (disposable, cartridge, tank), and age group (18\u201324, \u226525). Analyses were adjusted for demographic characteristics, cigarette smoking variables, other tobacco use, and other ENDS use variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cigarette discontinuation rates increased for those who used menthol\/mint flavor ENDS (trend adjusted odds ratio [AOR]\u2009=\u20093.18, 95% CI:1.21 to 8.32), fruit\/sweet\/other flavor ENDS (AOR\u2009=\u20092.13, 95% CI: 1.43 to 3.16), any combination flavor ENDS (AOR\u2009=\u20092.89, 95% CI: 1.49 to 5.62), disposables (AOR\u2009=\u20093.38, 95% CI: 1.25 to 9.16), cartridge devices (AOR\u2009=\u20092.33, 95% CI: 1.49 to 3.63), tanks (AOR\u2009=\u20092.05, 95% CI: 1.43 to 2.94), those aged 18\u201324 (AOR\u2009=\u20093.29, 95% CI: 2.22 to 4.88), and those aged \u226525 (AOR\u2009=\u20091.83, 95%\u00a0CI: 1.35 to 2.48).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increasing trends in cigarette discontinuation rates among adults who used ENDS were not specific to any ENDS flavor, ENDS device type, or age group examined here.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Further research may identify factor(s) not examined in this study, such as the availability of nicotine salt-based ENDS products, account for the increasing trend in cigarette discontinuation rates among adults who use ENDS in the United States, which can further inform tobacco regulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaf213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T12:17:34Z","timestamp":1760703454000},"page":"626-633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trends in Cigarette Discontinuation Rates in the United States Across 2014\/15\u20132021 Among Adults Who Use Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Trends by ENDS Flavor, ENDS Device Type, and Age Group From the PATH Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4492-098X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin A","family":"Kasza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior , Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westat Inc , Rockville, MD,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8111-5464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam F","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MeLisa R","family":"Creamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0645-1705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn C","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westat Inc , Rockville, MD,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1328-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westat Inc , Rockville, MD,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3974-8089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne T","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ching","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Clement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D","family":"Ellison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet A","family":"Ergun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olusola","family":"Oniyide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole A","family":"Tashakkori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Stanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westat Inc , Rockville, MD,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8278-0095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather L","family":"Kimmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 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