{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:32:12Z","timestamp":1788244332036,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005188","name":"Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T33DT6620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T33DT6620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Micro-influencers (1000\u2013100\u2009000 followers) promote e-cigarettes alongside cannabis on social media. This study examined the association of exposure to such marketing with adolescent perceptions of e-cigarettes and micro-influencers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this 2023\u20132024 survey-based, in-class repeated-measures experiment, California adolescent e-cigarette and cannabis never-users (n\u2009=\u20091402; Mage\u2009=\u200917 [SD\u2009=\u20090.6]; 51.4% female, 41.7% Hispanic) were randomly shown three pairs of Instagram images featuring micro-influencers promoting: (1) e-cigarettes with cannabis (experimental group), (2) e-cigarettes alone (control), or (3) no substances (placebo). After viewing each image pair, participants rated perceived influencer credibility. After viewing all images, susceptibility to use e-cigarettes was assessed. Three susceptibility sub-items and their composite measure were compared across groups (experimental vs. control; placebo vs. control) and between participants who perceived micro-influencers as credible versus noncredible, using binomial generalized linear mixed effects models. The association of self-reported exposure to micro-influencer e-cigarette or cannabis posts with these outcomes was also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants in the experimental group had higher odds of e-cigarette use intentions if offered by a friend among all and among those who perceived micro-influencers as credible, compared to controls. Those who self-reported exposure to micro-influencer e-cigarette or cannabis posts were at higher odds of overall susceptibility, intentions to use if a friend offers, and curiosity about e-cigarette use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Influencer e-cigarette promotion alongside cannabis, and perceptions of influencers as credible, may contribute to e-cigarette use intentions among adolescent never-users. Improvement of social media community guidelines and greater policy attention to e-cigarette and cannabis marketing are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study showed that influencer promotion of e-cigarettes alongside cannabis, and perceptions of influencers as credible, may contribute to intentions to use e-cigarettes among adolescent never-users. The findings suggest the need for improvement of social media community guidelines and greater policy attention to marketing of e-cigarettes and cannabis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06919263, NCT06919263.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaf225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:12:16Z","timestamp":1762002736000},"page":"658-667","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["E-cigarette and Cannabis in Social Media Influencer Marketing and Its Effect on Adolescents: A Survey-Based Experiment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3002-2000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Vassey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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