{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:12:51Z","timestamp":1790399571306,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Barts Hospital Charity","award":["G-002207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G-002207"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited data exist on how to use e-cigarettes (EC) to optimize smoking cessation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined associations between patterns of EC use and outcomes at 1 year in a large trial (N\u00a0=\u2009886) comparing nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and EC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Use of tobacco flavor was limited and associated with a lower smoking cessation rate compared to other flavors (relative risk; RR\u2009=\u00a00.56, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.35 to 0.89). EC users reduced nicotine strength over time. Abstainers using EC reported lower urges to smoke than abstainers using NRT at both weeks 1 (b\u00a0=\u2009\u22120.25, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22120.45 to \u22120.04) and 4 (b\u2009=\u2009\u22120.37, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22120.58 to \u22120.16). Participants using both cigarettes and EC (dual users) at week 1 were more likely to stop smoking at week 4 than exclusive smokers (RR\u2009=\u20094.45, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.96 to 10.10). Dual users at 4 weeks and 6 months were also more likely to achieve validated 50% reduction in smoke intake at 1 year (RR\u2009=\u20092.37, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.36 to 4.11 and RR\u2009=\u20094.56, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.71 to 7.66, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-tobacco flavors were preferred and may be also more effective. Urges to smoke were lower in EC users than in users of NRT. Dual use was associated with a reduction in smoking and quitting smoking later on.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinicians advising smokers wanting to use EC as a quitting aid can consider recommending non-tobacco flavors; explaining that EC reduce urges to smoke more than combination NRT; and reassuring those worried about dual use that such use is associated with reduced smoking and a higher chance of stopping smoking altogether later on.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaf240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T13:03:18Z","timestamp":1763125398000},"page":"1039-1044","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Patterns of e-Cigarette Use and Smoking Cessation Outcomes: Secondary Analysis of a Large Randomised Controlled Trial to Inform Clinical Advice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2054-7930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Pesola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Myers Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dunja","family":"Przulj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniella","family":"Ladmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of 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