{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T17:08:09Z","timestamp":1779469689911,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cytisine is a plant-derived alkaloid that has gained attention as a cost-effective pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. This study aimed to compare the real-world effectiveness and safety of cytisine versus nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) among individuals enrolled in a smoking cessation program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This non-randomized observational study included 476 patients who received pharmacological treatment for smoking cessation between January 2024 and January 2025 at a tertiary smoking cessation clinic. Patients were grouped according to treatment modality: cytisine or NRT. The primary outcome was continuous abstinence at 6\u00a0months, based on self-reported smoking status without biochemical verification. Secondary outcomes included tolerability and factors associated with cessation success.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 229 patients treated with cytisine, 124 (54.1%) achieved 6-month abstinence, compared to 77 of 247 patients (31.2%) in the NRT group (p&amp;lt;.001). Female sex and the presence of diabetes mellitus were independently associated with higher cessation success. Both treatments were generally well tolerated; no serious adverse events were reported. Cytisine users most commonly reported mild gastrointestinal symptoms and sleep disturbances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cytisine was significantly more effective than NRT in achieving 6-month continuous abstinence in a real-world setting, with a comparable safety profile. Certain subgroups, such as women and patients with diabetes, may benefit more from pharmacologic cessation support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides supportive evidence for the routine clinical use of cytisine as a first-line smoking cessation treatment, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Its affordability, tolerability, and short treatment duration offer distinct advantages for public health implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaf241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T12:51:08Z","timestamp":1763211068000},"page":"1032-1038","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Cytisine against Nicotine Replacement Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8822-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aysegul","family":"Erinc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University , Istanbul ,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3364-9716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Kirac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University , Istanbul ,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7162-2611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sule","family":"Gul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University , Istanbul ,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9147-8602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Banu","family":"Kahriman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University , Istanbul ,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4039-4860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belma Akbaba","family":"Bagci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University , Istanbul ,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5457-9551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celal","family":"Satici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University , Istanbul ,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"2026052212155493300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0158","article-title":"The state of US health, 1990-2016: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors among US states","volume":"319","author":"Burden US, of Disease Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026052212155493300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6647","article-title":"Smoking cessation-progress, barriers, and new opportunities: the surgeon General's report on smoking cessation","volume":"323","author":"Adams","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"Suppl 1(Suppl 1)","key":"2026052212155493300_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aprim.2024.103133","article-title":"Recomendaciones sobre el estilo de Vida. 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