{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T06:00:43Z","timestamp":1784786443029,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The popularity of e-cigarettes is increasing globally. Validated instruments in local languages are needed to measure e-cigarette dependence for surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of e-cigarette dependence. We assessed the psychometric properties of the Malay language version of the 8-item e-cigarette Dependence Scale, EDS-8(Malay), among exclusive e-cigarette users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The original English version of the eight-item e-cigarette Dependence Scale (EDS-8) was translated into Malay to suit the local context by standard forward and backward translation methods. Two professional native Malay-speaking translators and two professional native English-speaking translators carried out the forward and backward translation process, respectively. The reliability and validity of the EDS-8 (Malay) were determined using a group of 251 adult Malaysians who were exclusive e-cigarette users. They were recruited from social media platforms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Their mean age was 37.9 (SD\u2009=\u200910.3) years, and 73.2% were males, Malay race (41.3%), attained secondary education (51.8%), were employed (88.4%), and 61.7% were frequent vapers. Cronbach\u2019s alpha of EDS-8 (Malay) was 0.894. Corrected item-total correlations were\u00a0greater than 0.4. The EDS-8 (Malay) displayed a good composite reliability of 0.896. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the one-factor model exhibited good fit indices, including root mean squared error of approximation (0.056), goodness-of-fit index (0.967), adjusted goodness-of-fit index (0.935), comparative fit index (0.984), and non-normed fit index (0.975). EDS-8 (Malay) was able to detect the between-group mean differences as shown by higher scores among e-cigarette users who were Indians, had lower income, received secondary education, and vaped regularly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The instrument EDS-8 (Malay) displayed acceptable reliability, content, and construct validity. The convergent validity of EDS-8 (Malay) should be tested when comparable tools become available in the Malay language.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To date, there are no validated translated versions of e-cigarette dependence tools originally developed in the English language. Our Malay language version of the eight-item e-cigarette dependence scale provides locally validated e-cigarette dependence for potential use in Malaysian clinical settings and for research on e-cigarette addiction. The other tools available for the assessment of e-cigarettes need to be translated and validated to assess the convergent validity of the eight-item e-cigarette dependence scale in the Malay language.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntag015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T12:13:18Z","timestamp":1769515998000},"page":"1383-1390","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychometric properties of the malay-translated eight-item electronic cigarette dependence scale (EDS-8) among electronic cigarette users in Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Kai Wei","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, IMU University , Kuala Lumpur ,","place":["Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aqil M","family":"Daher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, IMU University , Kuala Lumpur ,","place":["Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamala","family":"Ramasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Business and Social Sciences, IMU University , Kuala Lumpur ,","place":["Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5693-7631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandrashekhar T","family":"Sreeramareddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, IMU University , Kuala Lumpur 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