{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T17:57:43Z","timestamp":1781287063486,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Effects Special Interest","award":["U54-DA046060-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54-DA046060-01"]}]},{"name":"Center for Coordination of Analytics, Science, Enhancement and Logistics"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Food and Drug Administration\u2019s Center for Tobacco Products"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"NIDA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 DA053638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 DA053638"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although robust evidence shows a link between depression and tobacco use among adolescents, little information exists concerning pregnant adolescents. As such, we examined: (1) the association between pre-pregnancy depression and e-cigarette\/cigarette use during late pregnancy and (2) whether prenatal care visit frequency moderates this association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from 10\u2009363 adolescents (ages 19 or younger) in the U.S. Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (2016\u20132021), a national cross-sectional survey supplemented with birth certificates. Participants reported pre-pregnancy depression and e-cigarette and cigarette use in the last 3\u00a0months of pregnancy. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated (1) associations of depression with e-cigarette\/cigarette use and (2) the interaction between depression and prenatal care visit frequency, adjusting for sociodemographic and pregnancy-related confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescents with pre-pregnancy depression were as likely to use e-cigarettes exclusively during late pregnancy as those without pre-pregnancy depression (3.21% vs. 1.66%; confounder-adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.33 [95% CI, 0.78-2.27]). However, those with pre-pregnancy depression were more likely to use cigarettes exclusively (12.72% vs. 4.81%; 1.94 [1.44-2.61]) or use both e-cigarettes and cigarettes (3.50% vs. 0.59%; 4.62 [2.18-9.81]) during late pregnancy. The association between pre-pregnancy depression and exclusive cigarette use was weaker (interaction P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.05) among adolescents with 9-11 prenatal care visits (1.38 [0.82-2.32]) and\u2009\u2265\u200912 prenatal care visits (1.77 [1.10-2.84]) compared to those with \u22648 prenatal care visits (3.86 [2.23-6.67]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre-pregnancy depression was associated with cigarette smoking and dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, but not exclusive e-cigarette use, in pregnant adolescents. Frequent prenatal care seemed to partially buffer the elevated risk of cigarette use associated with pre-pregnancy depression in this observational research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is one of the first to examine how prenatal care can modify the relationship between depression and tobacco use among U.S. pregnant adolescents. Our results indicated that pre-pregnancy depression was associated with cigarette use or dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, but not with exclusive use of e-cigarettes. Adequate prenatal care seemed to partially buffer the elevated risk of cigarette use associated with pre-pregnancy depression in this observational research. Upon replication, our research has potential implications for clinical practice and public health policy to improve maternal and child health, especially through addressing mental health and tobacco use in the prenatal care setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntag104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T11:21:05Z","timestamp":1780312865000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pre-pregnancy depression, prenatal care, and e-cigarette\/cigarette use during late pregnancy among adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7721-8353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaozhong","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, NY 14214 ,","place":["United 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Buffalo, NY 14214 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1643-1565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najum Z","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, NY 14214 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2610-090X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea L","family":"Ruybal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, MD 20993 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5329-6261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassandra 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