{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T23:01:32Z","timestamp":1784588492832,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ontario\u2019s Ministry of Health","award":["HLTC5047FL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HLTC5047FL"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several variables have been shown to predict outcomes of smoking cessation treatment; however, it is possible that these associations have changed over time due to cohort effects, contextual changes, and evolving patterns of nicotine use. This study aimed to investigate changes in associations between smoking cessation outcome and baseline variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this analysis, we used 8\u00a0years of data (2016 to 2024) that comprised 107\u2009204 unique enrollees in a large, nicotine replacement-therapy based smoking cessation program in Ontario, Canada to investigate changes in associations between outcomes and baseline variables. We used generalized additive models to conduct multiplicity-corrected tests of interactions and used a backwards stepwise process to arrive at a final model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found large increases in cessation probability over time for younger people (at age 26, absolute adjusted change from study beginning to end\u2009=\u20099.7%, 95% CI\u2009=\u20095.0%, 14.4%) and those who used e-cigarettes daily (absolute adjusted change\u2009=\u200910.8%, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.7%, 19.8%), as well as a compression of differences across levels of income.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that associations between some variables and cessation outcomes have changed markedly over time. Improved outcomes for youth and people who use e-cigarettes may be related to changes in the prevalence, social acceptability, and reasons for use of different nicotine products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the importance of ongoing data collection and the need to consider time-varying effects in clinical and public health decision-making. Reliance on historical predictors without consideration of cohort and contextual changes may lead to suboptimal treatment recommendations. They are also relevant to ongoing discussions regarding the complex relationship between tobacco smoking and use of other nicotine products, suggesting that the role of e-cigarettes in cessation should be continually evaluated as patterns of use and population characteristics change.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntag147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T20:04:48Z","timestamp":1782590688000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recent changes in effects of predictors of tobacco cessation in formal treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3969-2756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Veldhuizen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INTREPID Lab (formerly Nicotine Dependence Service), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , 1025 Queen St. W, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , 100 Stokes St., Toronto, ON M6J 1H4 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto , 500 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 1V7 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kameron","family":"Iturralde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INTREPID Lab (formerly Nicotine Dependence Service), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , 1025 Queen St. W, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4547-1565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurie","family":"Zawertailo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INTREPID Lab (formerly Nicotine Dependence Service), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , 1025 Queen St. W, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , 100 Stokes St., Toronto, ON M6J 1H4 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto , 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5401-2996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Selby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INTREPID Lab (formerly Nicotine Dependence Service), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , 1025 Queen St. W, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , 100 Stokes St., Toronto, ON M6J 1H4 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto , 500 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 1V7 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto , 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health , 155 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 3M7 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072018035490600_ref1","volume-title":"World Health Organization","author":"Tobacco"},{"key":"2026072018035490600_ref2","volume-title":"Canadian Substance Use Costs and Harms 2015\u20132017. 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