{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:32:09Z","timestamp":1786375929315,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health","award":["U54DA036105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54DA036105"]}]},{"name":"Center for Tobacco Products of the US Food and Drug Administration"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Science Awards","award":["UL1TR002649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002649"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024521","name":"Oklahoma Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00003615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00003615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024521","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An important research gap is how users of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) group puffs together, and whether that pattern accurately reflects the standardized 10-puff procedure often employed in laboratory-based work. Previously defined \u201cpuff cluster\u201d parameters were applied to data from our own work and then the patterns compared to those published elsewhere.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For all studies (n\u2009=\u20098), the same definition of a puff cluster was used (number of puffs separated by &amp;lt;60\u00a0s), as was the same cluster categorization: 1 puff (single), 2-5 puffs (short), 6-10 puffs (medium), or\u2009&amp;gt;\u200910 puffs (long). Descriptive analyses included the average frequency, average number of puffs taken, and percentage of total puffs\/session, for each cluster type. Differences in cluster patterns as a function of presession ENDS abstinence and puffing bout length were explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single and small clusters were the most common in seven of eight studies; the average number of cluster types was 9.02 (SD\u2009=\u20097.55) single clusters, 5.96 (SD\u2009=\u20094.02) small clusters, 0.94 (SD\u2009=\u20090.74) medium clusters, and 0.49 (SD\u2009=\u20090.44) large clusters. Small clusters made up the largest percentage of total puffs within a session (M\u2009=\u200937.12%), followed by single puffs (M\u2009=\u200928.55%), large clusters (M\u2009=\u200917.41%), and medium clusters (M\u2009=\u200916.92%). Puff cluster patterns were similar regardless of the presession ENDS abstinence requirement and the ENDS puffing bout duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single puffs and small clusters were the predominant cluster types, accounting for 67.0% of all puffs. The 10-puff bout typically used in laboratory work to standardize product use does not represent naturalistic ENDS puffing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The standardized ENDS puffing procedure used in laboratory work may not reflect naturalistic ENDS puffing, which consists primarily of single and short puff clusters as demonstrated across multiple studies. Taking 10 ENDS puffs in a short period of time, whether ad libitum or on a fixed schedule, may be unfamiliar or even aversive to experienced ENDS users. Future work should take these puffing patterns into consideration when a standardized ENDS puffing bout is desired and also for the development of more valid self-report measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntag165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T12:04:30Z","timestamp":1784721870000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Does a 10-puff bout reflect natural puffing patterns for electronic nicotine delivery systems?"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5965-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"D Blank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, WV 26506 ,","place":["United 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