{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:08:22Z","timestamp":1789402102948,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010628","name":"Center for Tobacco Products","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54CA280962-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54CA280962-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression is strongly associated with higher tobacco use and lower quit rates; few communication campaigns have been designed with these mental health factors in mind. This scoping review compiles existing research on tobacco prevention and cessation messaging involving people with depression to identify gaps and opportunities for future message development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sources included PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Academic Search Premier, and ProQuest Central (November\u2013December 2024). The 55 studies included examined tobacco prevention or cessation messages and measured depression, depressive symptoms, or mental health as a primary outcome or analytic covariate. Study characteristics, target population, delivery format, message content, theoretical frameworks, outcomes, and gaps were extracted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized controlled trials made up half (51%) of the included studies, and most (78%) were conducted in the US. Nearly half (46%) required participants to have a mental health condition. Interventions most often used interactive (65.5%) or text-based (47.3%) communication and focused on tobacco cessation (89%) rather than vaping (9%). Common outcomes included feasibility or acceptability (37.7%) and point prevalence abstinence (37.7%). Mental health-specific messages showed mixed effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite progress in integrating mental health into tobacco messaging, targeted interventions for people with depression remain limited. Few studies tested long-term outcomes or used biochemical verification; many relied on untargeted generalized messaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review highlights the need for more systematic development and evaluation of tobacco communication strategies for people with depression. Integrating mental health framing in interventions may enhance message relevance and effectiveness. Future studies should also standardize depression measurements and outcome reporting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntag192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T18:57:30Z","timestamp":1788289050000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Messaging strategies for tobacco prevention and cessation among people with depression: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3187-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison","family":"Worsdale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC 27599 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayla","family":"Gilliam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC 27599 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kowitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC 27599 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC 27599 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8180-8682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Steinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, NJ 08901, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam O","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC 27599 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC 27599 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1162-9907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M Justin","family":"Byron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC 27599 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC 27599 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC 27599 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7218a1","article-title":"Tobacco product use among adults \u2013 United States, 2021","volume":"72","author":"Cornelius","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref2","author":"Association AL"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7329a1","article-title":"Adult smoking cessation \u2014 United States, 2022","volume":"73","author":"VanFrank","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty227","article-title":"Cigarette smoking quit rates among persons with serious psychological distress in the United States from 2008 to 2016: are mental health disparities in cigarette use increasing?","author":"Streck","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref5"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274595","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1274595","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and depression: a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106641","article-title":"The effect of smoking on depressive symptoms","volume":"112","author":"Magee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20210429","DOI":"10.47626\/2237-6089-2021-0429","article-title":"Bidirectionality of smoking and depression in adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Farooqui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Psychiatry Psychother"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.20190028","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities to meet the mental health needs of underserved and disenfranchised populations in the United States","volume":"18","author":"Mongelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Focus."},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115630","article-title":"Habits and vulnerability or resilience to stress \u2013 impact on depressive disorders","volume":"490","author":"Bertollo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref11"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref12"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-011-0231-8","article-title":"The public health impact of major depression: a call for interdisciplinary prevention efforts","volume":"12","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prev Sci Off J Soc Prev Res"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-024-02002-7","article-title":"A systematic review and network meta-analysis of population-level interventions to tackle smoking behaviour","volume":"8","author":"Akter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref15"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref16","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2023-057992","article-title":"Reducing e-cigarette use among youth and young adults: evidence of the truth campaign\u2019s impact","volume":"34","author":"Hair","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae298","article-title":"Effects of E-cigarette warning labels about mental health consequences of nicotine addiction among young adults in the USA: results from a randomized controlled experiment","volume":"27","author":"Marynak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res Off J Soc Res Nicotine Tob"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty241","article-title":"The 2016 tips from former smokers\u00ae campaign: associations with quit intentions and quit attempts among smokers with and without mental health conditions","volume":"21","author":"Prochaska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.02.17.23286103","article-title":"Communicating the benefits of quitting smoking on mental health increases motivation to quit in people with anxiety and\/or depression: a randomized trial of two health messages","volume":"149","author":"Steinberg"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaf128","article-title":"Vaping and mental health: research trends and future directions","volume":"27","author":"Shukri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22466","article-title":"Association between social media use and depression among U.S. young adults","volume":"33","author":"Yi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref24"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref25"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198117709316","article-title":"Association between media doses of the tips from former smokers campaign and cessation behaviors and intentions to quit among cigarette smokers, 2012\u20132015","volume":"45","author":"Davis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav Off Publ Soc Public Health Educ"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/iby097","article-title":"Formative, multimethod case studies of learn to quit, an acceptance and commitment therapy smoking cessation app designed for people with serious mental illness","volume":"9","author":"Vilardaga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2017.12.014","article-title":"Rationale, design and pilot feasibility results of a smartphone-assisted, mindfulness-based intervention for smokers with mood disorders: project mSMART MIND","volume":"66","author":"Minami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30622-6","article-title":"Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale)","volume":"10","author":"Andresen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2014.992588","article-title":"Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy smoking cessation treatment for smokers with depressive symptoms","volume":"11","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dual Diagn"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49809","DOI":"10.2196\/49809","article-title":"Behavioral activation-based digital smoking cessation intervention for individuals with depressive symptoms: randomized clinical trial","volume":"25","author":"Dahne","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15677","article-title":"Effectiveness of an optimized text message and internet intervention for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"117","author":"Graham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict Abingdon Engl"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15020254","article-title":"Adapting, pilot testing and evaluating the kick.It app to support smoking cessation for smokers with severe mental illness: a study protocol","volume":"15","author":"Lawn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2019.06.001","article-title":"Adaptation of a sustained care cessation intervention for smokers hospitalized for psychiatric disorders: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"83","author":"Hecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntz037","article-title":"A qualitative examination of stay quit coach, a mobile application for veteran smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"22","author":"Herbst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res Off J Soc Res Nicotine Tob"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa013","article-title":"Effectiveness of proactive tobacco cessation treatment outreach among smokers with serious mental illness","volume":"22","author":"Japuntich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res Off J Soc Res Nicotine Tob"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-010-9310-8","article-title":"Evaluation of the CHOICES program of peer-to-peer tobacco education and advocacy","volume":"47","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03057.x","article-title":"Effectiveness of a mood management component as an adjunct to a telephone counselling smoking cessation intervention for smokers with a past major depression: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial","volume":"105","author":"van der Meer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addict Abingdon Engl"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1024676626955","article-title":"Mood management mail intervention increases abstinence rates for Spanish-speaking Latino smokers","volume":"25","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Community Psychol"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.080382","article-title":"Treatment for cigarette smoking among depressed mental health outpatients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"96","author":"Hall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-021-01091-6","article-title":"The effectiveness of generic emails versus a remote knowledge broker to integrate mood management into a smoking cessation programme in team-based primary care: a cluster randomised trial","volume":"16","author":"Minian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntz202","article-title":"Pilot randomized controlled trial of a novel smoking cessation app designed for individuals with co-occurring tobacco use disorder and serious mental illness","volume":"22","author":"Vilardaga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res Off J Soc Res Nicotine Tob"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16975-z","article-title":"The effectiveness of a telephone smoking cessation program in mental health clinic patients by level of mental well-being and functioning: a secondary data analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Swong","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-008-0363-z","article-title":"Baby BEEP: a randomized controlled trial of nurses\u2019 individualized social support for poor rural pregnant smokers","volume":"13","author":"Bullock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.10.004","article-title":"Telephone smoking-cessation counseling for smokers in mental health clinics: a patient-randomized controlled trial","volume":"50","author":"Rogers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref47","author":"Kang","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref48","author":"Reibling","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.11.025","article-title":"Psychological distress and responses to comparative risk messages about electronic and combusted cigarettes","volume":"91","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psycom.2022.100091","article-title":"Association between court-ordered corrective statements and smoking cessation among individuals with depression or anxiety","volume":"2","author":"Onyeaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Commun"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts339","article-title":"Pilot RCT results of stop my smoking USA: a text messaging-based smoking cessation program for young adults","volume":"15","author":"Ybarra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res Off J Soc Res Nicotine Tob"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1017\/jsc.2019.7","article-title":"Pilot study of a mobile smoking cessation intervention for low-income smokers with serious mental illness","volume":"14","author":"Brunette","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Smok Cessat"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03258.x","article-title":"Helping smokers with depression to quit smoking: collaborative care with Quitline","volume":"195","author":"Segan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2015-052517","article-title":"Increasing the dose of television advertising in a national antismoking media campaign: results from a randomised field trial","volume":"26","author":"McAfee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E42","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd13.150556","article-title":"Evaluation of the national tips from former smokers campaign: the 2014 longitudinal cohort","volume":"13","author":"Neff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081706","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1081706","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of smoking and depression among US adults: NHANES (2005\u20132018)","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2026091412011760700_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-x","article-title":"Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach","volume":"18","author":"Munn","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"}],"container-title":["Nicotine &amp; Tobacco Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntag192\/70895824\/ntag192.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntag192\/70895824\/ntag192.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:01:23Z","timestamp":1789401683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntag192\/8778737"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":57,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntag192","relation":{},"ISSN":["1469-994X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1469-994X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"article-number":"ntag192"}}