{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:59:13Z","timestamp":1790359153433,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) smoke cigarettes, and cessation rates with food and drug administration-approved medications are low. Switching to e-cigarettes (EC) is an effective cigarette reduction method in adults without OUD but has not been rigorously evaluated in adults with OUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults (N\u2009=\u200941) in OUD treatment who smoked \u22655 cigarettes\/day (CPD), used EC \u22643 of prior 30\u00a0days, and did not want to quit smoking, were randomized to receive an 8\u00a0week supply of the National Institute on Drug Abuse's standardized research EC immediately (SREC, n\u2009=\u200922) or after an 8-week delay (waitlist control; WLC, n\u2009=\u200919). Participants reported past 24-h CPD and EC use in daily texts for 8\u00a0weeks and research assessments and biochemical monitoring (eg, carbon monoxide [CO]) every 2\u00a0weeks for 8\u00a0weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants had a mean age of 50, were 76% male, 88% white. From Baseline (BL) to Week 8, the change in CPD differed significantly between groups (P\u2009=\u2009.001) with a larger decrease in CPD in SREC vs. WLC (SREC 15.3 at BL to 7.2 CPD at W8, WLC 14.2 to 12.8). There was a significant reduction in breath CO levels within SREC across the 8-weeks (from 22.9 at BL to 12.5 at W8, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), that was larger than WLC (23.7 vs. 20.3, P\u2009=\u2009.042) (group\u2009\u00d7\u2009time P\u2009=\u2009.071). No group differences were observed on nicotine dependence, withdrawal, or OUD stability (P\u2019s\u2009&amp;gt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Provision of ECs to people with OUD who smoke, not planning to quit, resulted in reduced combusted tobacco use, exposure and no worsening withdrawal, dependence, or OUD stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a paucity of rigorous RCTs testing switching adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) from cigarettes to e-cigarettes for changing cigarette use behavior. We conducted a randomized waitlist-controlled trial of effects of e-cigarette provision on cigarette consumption and tobacco exposure in adults in OUD treatment and found that provision of e-cigarettes resulted in reduced combusted tobacco use and tobacco exposure without worsening nicotine withdrawal, dependence, or OUD stability. E-cigarettes are a feasible, acceptable, and likely effective cigarette reduction strategy for adults in OUD treatment not interested in quitting smoking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntag205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:16:41Z","timestamp":1788520601000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Switching individuals in OUD treatment from cigarettes to the standardized research e-cigarette: a randomized waitlist-controlled cross-over trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7842-9080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Streck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Harvard 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Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecely","family":"Sterling-Maisel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Cannistraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Guerinot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreya","family":"Gouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal 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