{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:26:07Z","timestamp":1789424767541,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntp015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,6]],"date-time":"2009-03-06T04:52:52Z","timestamp":1236315172000},"page":"126-133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Symptoms of cough and shortness of breath among occasional young adult smokers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lawrence C.","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla J.","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen M.","family":"Klatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl L.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet L.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianghua","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Ehlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasjit S.","family":"Ahluwalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib1","first-page":"525","article-title":"The association of cigarette smoking with respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in a group of high school students","volume":"63","author":"Addington","year":"1970","journal-title":"Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib2","volume-title":"Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior","author":"Ajzen","year":"1980"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200601083418","article-title":"Feasibility of Internet health screening to recruit college students to an online smoking cessation intervention","volume":"9","author":"An","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200601039881","article-title":"Strategies for increasing adherence to an online smoking cessation intervention for college students","volume":"8","author":"An","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.20.2206","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and infection","volume":"164","author":"Arcavi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib6","volume-title":"Smoking, drinking, and drug use in young adulthood: The impacts of new freedoms and new responsibilities","author":"Bachman","year":"1997"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(76)90009-8","article-title":"Smoking and respiratory symptoms in two groups of schoolchildren","volume":"5","author":"Bewley","year":"1976","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib8","first-page":"150","article-title":"Smoking by primary schoolchildren: Prevalence and associated respiratory symptoms","volume":"27","author":"Bewley","year":"1973","journal-title":"British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-109-3-198","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and upper respiratory infection among recruits in basic combat training","volume":"109","author":"Blake","year":"1988","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6431.1647","article-title":"Children's coughs related to parental smoking","volume":"288","author":"Charlton","year":"1984","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.1.41","article-title":"The natural history of drug use from adolescent to the mid-thirties in a general population sample","volume":"85","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38142.554479.AE","article-title":"Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors","volume":"328","author":"Doll","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.49.8.825","article-title":"Effects of cigarette smoking on epithelial cells of the respiratory tract","volume":"49","author":"Dye","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/07448489909595674","article-title":"Smoking initiation and smoking patterns among U.S. college students","volume":"48","author":"Everett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of American College Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1999.0560","article-title":"Initiation of cigarette smoking and subsequent smoking behavior among U.S. high school students","volume":"29","author":"Everett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121084","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and epidemic influenza","volume":"90","author":"Finklea","year":"1969","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib17","volume-title":"Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research","author":"Fishbein","year":"1975"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A9","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1998.0380","article-title":"Psychosocial predictors of different stages of cigarette smoking among high school students","volume":"27","author":"Flay","year":"1998","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.2002.1133","article-title":"Effectiveness of a universal drug abuse prevention approach for youth at high risk for substance use initiation","volume":"36","author":"Griffin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(85)90007-3","article-title":"Self-initiated smoking cessation among high school students","volume":"10","author":"Hansen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818401100101","article-title":"The health belief model: A decade later","volume":"11","author":"Janz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Health Education Quaterly"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.71.5.530","article-title":"Smoking and epidemic influenza-like illness in female military recruits: A brief survey","volume":"71","author":"Kark","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198210213071702","article-title":"Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for epidemic A(H1N1) influenza in young men","volume":"307","author":"Kark","year":"1982","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03390240079027","article-title":"Is the smoking decision an \u2018informed choice\u2019? Effect of smoking risk factors on smoking beliefs","volume":"257","author":"Leventhal","year":"1987","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.05.018","article-title":"The effects of providing lung age and respiratory symptoms feedback on community college smokers\u2019 perceived smoking-related health risks, worries and desire to quit","volume":"32","author":"Lipkus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2005.04.004","article-title":"Motivation to quit using cigarettes: A review","volume":"31","author":"McCaul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(99)00034-9","article-title":"Perceived invulnerability and cigarette smoking among adolescents","volume":"25","author":"Milam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2003-0558-L","article-title":"Social smoking among US college students","volume":"114","author":"Moran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.02.026","article-title":"The 2006 report of the surgeon general: The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke","volume":"32","author":"Moritsugu","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.117374","article-title":"Helping young adult smokers quit: The time is now","volume":"97","author":"Orleans","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1086\/514589","article-title":"Invasive pneumococcal disease in Dallas County, Texas: Results from population-based surveillance in 1995","volume":"26","author":"Pastor","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/17.1.117","article-title":"Project Northland: Long-term outcomes of community action to reduce adolescent alcohol use","volume":"17","author":"Perry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Education and Research"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib33","first-page":"774","article-title":"Smoking, pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in a college-age group","volume":"95","author":"Peters","year":"1967","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1080\/1462220031000118649","article-title":"Self-reported health status, health vulnerability, and smoking behavior in college students: Implications for intervention","volume":"5","author":"Prokhorov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00191-6","article-title":"What motivates adolescent smokers to make a quit attempt?","volume":"68","author":"Riedel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(01)00209-9","article-title":"Do adolescents appreciate the risks of smoking? Evidence from a national survey","volume":"29","author":"Romer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.15.4.261","article-title":"Prospective predictors of quit attempts and smoking cessation in young adults","volume":"15","author":"Rose","year":"1996","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818801500203","article-title":"Social learning theory and the health belief model","volume":"15","author":"Rosenstock","year":"1988","journal-title":"Health Education Quarterly"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/3.2.153","article-title":"Respiratory symptoms in a group of American secondary school students: The overwhelming association with cigarette smoking","volume":"3","author":"Rush","year":"1974","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1126\/science.172.3984.741","article-title":"Cigarette smoking: Objective evidence for lung damage in teenagers","volume":"172","author":"Seely","year":"1971","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0272-4332.2004.00433.x","article-title":"Risk as analysis and risk as feelings: Some thoughts about affect, reason, risk, and rationality","volume":"24","author":"Slovic","year":"2004","journal-title":"Risk Annals"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib42","volume-title":"Preventing tobacco use among young people: A report of the surgeon general","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"1994"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170714115554_bib43","first-page":"1","article-title":"The development of lung function in Sydney children: Effects of respiratory illness and smoking. A ten year study","volume":"65","author":"Woolcock","year":"1984","journal-title":"European Journal of Respiratory Diseases"}],"container-title":["Nicotine &amp; Tobacco Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/11\/2\/126\/18614133\/ntp015.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T19:24:04Z","timestamp":1503516244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntp015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntp015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-2203","1469-994X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-2203","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-994X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}}}