{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:26:44Z","timestamp":1790677604971,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Philip Morris Products S.A"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T15:11:24Z","timestamp":1486566684000},"page":"173-182","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Effects of Switching to the Menthol Tobacco Heating System 2.2, Smoking Abstinence, or Continued Cigarette Smoking on Clinically Relevant Risk Markers: A Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label, Multicenter Study in Sequential Confinement and Ambulatory Settings (Part 2)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"L\u00fcdicke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Philip Morris Products S.A., PMI Research and Development, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Picavet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philip Morris Products S.A., PMI Research and Development, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gizelle","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philip Morris Products S.A., PMI Research and Development, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christelle","family":"Haziza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philip Morris Products S.A., PMI Research and Development, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Poux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philip Morris Products S.A., PMI Research and Development, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Lama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philip Morris Products S.A., PMI Research and Development, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Weitkunat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philip Morris Products S.A., PMI Research and Development, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0001","volume-title":"Guidance for Industry: Modified Risk Tobacco Product Applications","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products","year":"2012"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0002","volume-title":"Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products","author":"Committee on Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Institute of Medicine","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2013.12.006","article-title":"Estimating the decline in excess risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease following quitting smoking - a systematic review based on the negative exponential model","volume":"68","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2012.06.009","article-title":"Using the negative exponential distribution to quantitatively review the evidence on how rapidly the excess risk of ischaemic heart disease declines following quitting smoking","volume":"64","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2013.11.013","article-title":"Estimating the decline in excess risk of cerebrovascular disease following quitting smoking\u2013a systematic review based on the negative exponential model","volume":"68","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2015.1096303","article-title":"A Japanese cross-sectional multicentre study of biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease in smokers and non-smokers","volume":"20","author":"L\u00fcdicke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.5b00321","article-title":"In vitro systems toxicology assessment of a candidate modified risk tobacco product shows reduced toxicity compared to that of a conventional cigarette","volume":"29","author":"Gonzalez-Suarez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv243","article-title":"An 8-month systems toxicology inhalation\/cessation study in Apoe-\/- mice to investigate cardiovascular and respiratory exposure effects of a candidate modified risk tobacco product, THS 2.2, compared with conventional cigarettes","volume":"149","author":"Phillips","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv220","article-title":"Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of nicotine following single and ad libitum use of a tobacco heating system or combustible cigarettes","volume":"18","author":"Picavet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2015.09.016","article-title":"Aerosol from a candidate modified risk tobacco product has reduced effects on chemotaxis and transendothelial migration compared to combustion of conventional cigarettes","volume":"86","author":"van der Toorn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150077","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2015.77","article-title":"Comprehensive systems biology analysis of a 7-month cigarette smoke inhalation study in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"3","author":"Ansari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2015.03.009","article-title":"A 7-month cigarette smoke inhalation study in C57BL\/6 mice demonstrates reduced lung inflammation and emphysema following smoking cessation or aerosol exposure from a prototypic modified risk tobacco product","volume":"80","author":"Phillips","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0013","volume-title":"Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects (Declaration of Helsinki)","author":"World Medical Association (WMA)","year":"2008"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0014","author":"ICH E6 (R1)","year":"1996"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0015","volume-title":"How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease. A Report of the Surgeon General","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.02.007","article-title":"A study to investigate changes in the levels of biomarkers of exposure to selected cigarette smoke constituents in Japanese adult male smokers who switched to a non-combustion inhaler type of tobacco product","volume":"71","author":"Miura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2014.04.016","article-title":"Exposure evaluation of adult male Japanese smokers switched to a heated cigarette in a controlled clinical setting","volume":"69","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2015.1094134","article-title":"Switching from usual brand cigarettes to a tobacco-heating cigarette or snus: part 2. Biomarkers of exposure","volume":"20","author":"Ogden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2015.1094134","article-title":"Switching from usual brand cigarettes to a tobacco-heating cigarette or snus: part 1. Biomarkers of exposure","volume":"20","author":"Ogden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2015.1094135","article-title":"Switching from usual brand cigarettes to a tobacco-heating cigarette or snus: Part 3. Biomarkers of biological effect","volume":"20","author":"Ogden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270008315316","article-title":"A 12-month, randomized, controlled study to evaluate exposure and cardiovascular risk factors in adult smokers switching from conventional cigarettes to a second-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system","volume":"48","author":"Roethig","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"25","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196806202782501","article-title":"Site and nature of airway obstruction in chronic obstructive lung disease","volume":"278","author":"Hogg","year":"1968","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197806082982303","article-title":"The relations between structural changes in small airways and pulmonary-function tests","volume":"298","author":"Cosio","year":"1978","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.3.1016","article-title":"Site of airway obstruction in pulmonary disease: direct measurement of intrabronchial pressure","volume":"72","author":"Yanai","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-69-5-903","article-title":"Elasticity of the lung in pulmonary emphysema","volume":"69","author":"Ebert","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0026","first-page":"293","article-title":"A four-year follow-up study of lung mechanics in smokers","volume":"120","author":"Corbin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00120609","article-title":"Therapeutic implications of the pathophysiology of COPD","volume":"35","author":"Macklem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.4.1719","article-title":"Inhomogeneity of pulmonary ventilation during sustained microgravity as determined by single-breath washouts","volume":"76","author":"Guy","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.001081063","article-title":"Distribution of particulate matter and tissue remodeling in the human lung","volume":"108","author":"Pinkerton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L906","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2000.278.5.L906","article-title":"Increased expression of inflammatory mediators in small-airway epithelium from tobacco smokers","volume":"278","author":"Takizawa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200401-037OC","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of airway alterations in smokers: the small airways revisited","volume":"170","author":"Verbanck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.8.790","article-title":"Are surrogate markers adequate to assess cardiovascular disease drugs","volume":"282","author":"Temple","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315040313_CIT0033","first-page":"295","article-title":"The environment and disease: association or causation","volume":"58","author":"Hill","year":"1965","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"}],"container-title":["Nicotine &amp; Tobacco Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/20\/2\/173\/24366206\/ntx028.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T14:42:09Z","timestamp":1522680129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article\/20\/2\/173\/2978029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntx028","relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-2203","1469-994X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-2203","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-994X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]]}}}