{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:01:25Z","timestamp":1780581685143,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]],"date-time":"2018-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical practice guidelines recommend comprehensive treatment for tobacco dependence including pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions. Group counseling may deliver unique treatment aspects not available with other modalities. This manuscript provides a narrative review of group treatment outcomes from real-world practice settings and complements recent meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Our primary goals were to determine whether group treatments delivered in these settings have yielded similar quit rates compared to individual treatment and to provide recommendations for best practices and policy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Group treatment was defined as occurring in a clinical or workplace setting (ie, not provided as part of a research study), led by a professionally trained clinician, and offered weekly over several weeks. English language PubMed articles from January 2000 to July 2017 were searched to identify studies that included outcomes from both group and individual treatment offered in real-world settings. Additional data sources meeting our criteria were also included. Reports not using pharmacotherapy and research studies (eg, RCTs) were excluded. The primary outcome was short-term, carbon monoxide (CO)-validated point prevalence abstinence (4-week postquit date).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The review included data from 11 observational studies. In all cases, group treatment(s) had higher 4-week CO-validated quit rates (range: 35.5%\u201367.3%) than individual treatment(s) (range: 18.6%\u201353.3%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Best practice group treatments for tobacco dependence are generalizable from research to clinical settings and likely to be at least as effective as intensive individual treatment. The added advantages of efficiency and cost-effectiveness can be significant. Group treatment is feasible in various settings with good results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>A major barrier to achieving high rates of tobacco abstinence is under-utilization of evidence-based treatment interventions. This review demonstrates the effectiveness and utility of group treatment for tobacco dependence. Based on the available data described in this narrative review in conjunction with existing RCT data, group treatment for tobacco dependence should be established and available in all behavioral health and medical settings. Group tobacco treatment is now one of the mandated reimbursable tobacco treatment formats within the US health care system, creating enormous opportunities for widespread clinical reach. Finally, comprehensive worksite group programs can further extend impact.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T03:52:39Z","timestamp":1534305159000},"page":"1580-1589","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Narrative Review of Intensive Group Tobacco Treatment: Clinical, Research, and US Policy Recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Chris","family":"Kotsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Quitcenter, Lung Cancer Institute, Steeplechase Cancer Center, RWJ Barnabas Health, Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health University Hospital Somerset, Somerville, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa L","family":"Santorelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Health and Wellness Unit, New Jersey Department of Health, State of New Jersey, Trenton, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0212-6489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika Litvin","family":"Bloom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI"},{"name":"Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam O","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Intervention Programs, Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Ripley-Moffitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicotine Dependence Program, Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael B","family":"Steinberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Tobacco Dependence Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael V","family":"Burke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicotine Dependence Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Foulds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Cancer Control Program, Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020041614353225700_CIT0001","volume-title":"The Health Consequences of Smoking\u201450 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General, 2014 | SurgeonGeneral.gov","author":"Office of the Surgeon General","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020041614353225700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.10.012","article-title":"Annual healthcare spending attributable to cigarette smoking: an update","volume":"48","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"52","key":"2020041614353225700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6552a1","article-title":"Quitting Smoking Among Adults\u2014United States, 2000\u20132015","volume":"65","author":"Babb","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2020041614353225700_CIT0004","volume-title":"Tobacco Use Screening and Counseling During Physician Office Visits Among Adults\u2014National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2005\u20132009 (Supplement)","author":"Jamal","year":"2012"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020041614353225700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011045","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011045","article-title":"Estimating the number of quit attempts it takes to quit smoking successfully in a longitudinal cohort of smokers","volume":"6","author":"Chaiton","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020041614353225700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03685.x","article-title":"How much unsuccessful quitting activity is going on among adult smokers? 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