{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T18:30:04Z","timestamp":1781634604728,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]],"date-time":"2018-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DA023935-01A2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DA023935-01A2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health","award":["UL1TR002003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002003"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health","award":["NCI P20 CA202908-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCI P20 CA202908-01"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#P30-CA14599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#P30-CA14599"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine the benefits of a culturally targeted compared with a nontargeted smoking cessation intervention on smoking cessation outcomes among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) smokers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A prospective randomized design was used to evaluate the added benefits of an LGBT culturally targeted Courage to Quit (CTQ-CT) smoking cessation treatment (N = 172) compared with the standard intervention (CTQ; N = 173). The smoking cessation program consisted of six treatment sessions combined with 8 weeks of nicotine replacement therapy. The primary smoking cessation outcome was 7-day point prevalence quit rates. Secondary outcomes examined included changes in nicotine dependence, nicotine withdrawal, cigarettes per day, smoking urges, self-efficacy, and readiness to quit.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall quit rates were 31.9% at 1 month, 21.1% at 3 months, 25.8% at 6 months, and 22.3% at 12 months. Quit rates did not differ between treatment groups [1 month OR = 0.81 (0.32, 2.09), 3 months OR = 0.65 (0.23, 1.78), 6 months OR = 0.45 (0.17, 1.21), 12 months OR = 0.70 (0.26, 1.91)]. Compared with baseline levels, all secondary smoking cessation outcomes measured were improved at 1 month and were maintained at 12-month follow-up. Compared with the CTQ, the CTQ-CT intervention was more highly rated on program effectiveness (d = 0.2, p = .011), intervention techniques (d = 0.2, p = .014), the treatment manual (d = 0.3, p &lt; .001), and being targeted to the needs of LGBT smokers (d = 0.5, p &lt; .0001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>LGBT smokers receiving the CTQ intervention achieved smoking cessation outcomes in the range reported for other demographic groups. Cultural targeting improved the acceptability of the intervention but did not confer any additional benefit for smoking cessation outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Study results have implications for understanding the benefits of culturally targeted compared with nontargeted smoking cessation interventions for improving smoking cessation outcomes among LGBT smokers. Shorter and longer term 7-day point prevalence quit rates associated with the targeted and nontargeted interventions were modest but comparable with other group-based interventions delivered in a community setting. Although cultural targeting improved the overall acceptability of the intervention, no added benefits were observed for the culturally targeted intervention on either the primary or secondary outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T01:02:42Z","timestamp":1535590962000},"page":"1506-1516","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Evaluation of a Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Effectiveness of a Culturally Targeted and Nontargeted Smoking Cessation Intervention for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Smokers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0074-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia K","family":"Matthews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Systems Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alana D","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Systems Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M","family":"Kuhns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond A","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nat A","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Howard Brown Health Center, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larisa A","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Systems Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3817-0510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien Ching","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Rush University, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea C","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2019103013420567400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.07.041","article-title":"Tobacco product use among sexual minority adults: findings from the 2012-2013 National Adult Tobacco Survey","volume":"50","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019103013420567400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6702a1","article-title":"Current cigarette smoking among adults\u2014United States, 2016","volume":"67","author":"Jamal","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019103013420567400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.051","article-title":"Promotion of tobacco use cessation for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: a systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2019103013420567400_CIT0004","volume-title":"Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update","author":"Fiore","year":"2008"},{"key":"2019103013420567400_CIT0005","volume-title":"The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding","author":"Graham","year":"2011"},{"issue":"11","key":"2019103013420567400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300746","article-title":"Up in smoke: vanishing evidence of tobacco disparities in the Institute of Medicine\u2019s report on sexual and gender minority health","volume":"102","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2019103013420567400_CIT0007","volume-title":"Reducing Tobacco Use: A Report of the Surgeon General","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2000"},{"issue":"10","key":"2019103013420567400_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73373","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073373","article-title":"Effectiveness of cultural adaptations of interventions aimed at smoking cessation, diet, and\/or physical activity in ethnic minorities. 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