{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T19:42:22Z","timestamp":1784922142673,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]],"date-time":"2022-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Improvement of Higher Education Personnel Coordination","award":["0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This comprehensive review establishes the role of vitamin B12 as adjunct therapy for viral infections in the treatment and persistent symptoms of COVID-19, focusing on symptoms related to the muscle\u2013gut\u2013brain axis. Vitamin B12 can help balance immune responses to better fight viral infections. Furthermore, data from randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis indicate that vitamin B12 in the forms of methylcobalamin and cyanocobalamin may increase serum vitamin B12 levels, and resulted in decreased serum methylmalonic acid and homocysteine concentrations, and decreased pain intensity, memory loss, and impaired concentration. Among studies, there is much variation in vitamin B12 doses, chemical forms, supplementation time, and administration routes. Larger randomized clinical trials of vitamin B12 supplementation and analysis of markers such as total vitamin B12, holotranscobalamin, total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, total folic acid, and, if possible, polymorphisms and methylation of genes need to be conducted with people with and without COVID-19 or who have had COVID-19 to facilitate the proper vitamin B12 form to be administered in individual treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuab092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T23:06:20Z","timestamp":1634339180000},"page":"561-578","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["The role of vitamin B12 in viral infections: a comprehensive review of its relationship with the muscle\u2013gut\u2013brain axis and implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5766-8595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila S","family":"Batista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Para\u00edba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa M","family":"Cintra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Para\u00edba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Para\u00edba, Brazil"},{"name":"Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Para\u00edba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo A F","family":"Lucena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Para\u00edba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Para\u00edba, Brazil"},{"name":"Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom Jos\u00e9 Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Para\u00edba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, Para\u00edba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Manh\u00e3es-de-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil"},{"name":"Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana E","family":"Toscano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil"},{"name":"Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa P","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Para\u00edba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria E B S","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Para\u00edba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suellen M","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Para\u00edba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Guzman-Quevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil"},{"name":"Higher Technological Institute of Tac\u00e1mbaro, Tac\u00e1mbaro, Michoac\u00e1n, Mexico"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research of Michoac\u00e1n, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoac\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7221-9867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jailane de S","family":"Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Para\u00edba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B1","first-page":"157","article-title":"WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic","volume":"91","author":"Cucinotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15047","article-title":"COVID-19 and the digestive system","volume":"35","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0360-5","article-title":"COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system","volume":"17","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-020-00840-5","article-title":"COVID-19 and the nervous system","volume":"26","author":"Berger","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurovirol."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57040372","article-title":"Skeletal muscle damage in COVID-19: a call for action","volume":"57","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-021-03721-y","article-title":"COVID-19 related muscle denervation atrophy","volume":"50","author":"Bahouth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113426","article-title":"How and why patients made long COVID","volume":"268","author":"Callard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052621","article-title":"Defining post-COVID symptoms (post-acute COVID, long COVID, persistent post-COVID): an integrative classification","volume":"18","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-Las-Pe\u00f1as","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m3026","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3026","article-title":"Management of post-acute COVID-19 in primary care","volume":"370","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B10","article-title":"Associations of dietary vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with the risk of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Wu","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuu011","article-title":"Vitamin B12 in meat and dairy products","volume":"73","author":"Gille","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Rev."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2018","article-title":"The microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"99","author":"Cryan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Rev."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051451","article-title":"Gut-muscle axis exists and may affect skeletal muscle adaptation to training","volume":"12","author":"Przew\u0142\u00f3cka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190460","article-title":"\u201cMuscle-gut-brain axis\u201d: can physical activity help patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease due to microbiome modulation?","volume":"71","author":"Schlegel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04088-z","article-title":"Recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in recovered COVID-19 patients: a narrative review","volume":"40","author":"Dao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520003311","article-title":"Nutritional status, diet and viral respiratory infections: perspectives for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2","volume":"125","author":"De Ara\u00fajo Morais","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2020.111017","article-title":"Cohort study to evaluate effect of vitamin D, magnesium, and vitamin B12 in combination on severe outcome progression in older patients with coronavirus (COVID-19)","volume":"79-80","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrition."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030976","article-title":"COVID-19: role of nutrition and supplementation","volume":"13","author":"Moscatelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B19","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in Human Nutrition: Report of a Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Consultation","year":"1998","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00870.x","article-title":"Immunomodulation by vitamin B12: augmentation of CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitamin B12-deficient patients by methyl-B12 treatment","volume":"116","author":"Tamura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2019.00048","article-title":"Metabolism of dietary and microbial vitamin B family in the regulation of host immunity","volume":"6","author":"Yoshii","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2019.03.002","article-title":"The many faces of cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency","volume":"3","author":"Wolffenbuttel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B23","first-page":"CD004655","article-title":"Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"2018","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584249","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.584249","article-title":"COVID-19 and undiagnosed pre-diabetes or diabetes mellitus among international migrant workers in Singapore","volume":"8","author":"Tee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fmaa084","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmaa084","article-title":"Severe malnutrition and anemia are associated with severe COVID in infants","volume":"67","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.10.002","article-title":"Vitamin B12 as a modulator of gut microbial ecology","volume":"20","author":"Degnan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117627","article-title":"Virtual screening and repurposing of FDA approved drugs against COVID-19 main protease","volume":"251","author":"Kandeel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132440","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency as a worldwide problem","volume":"24","author":"Stabler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.15-2-145","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency - a 21st century perspective","volume":"15","author":"Shipton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Med."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26947A","article-title":"How common is vitamin B-12 deficiency?","volume":"89","author":"Allen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201","article-title":"Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND): vitamin B-12 review","volume":"148","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8120767","article-title":"Vitamin B12 among vegetarians: status, assessment and supplementation","volume":"8","author":"Rizzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2030299","article-title":"Vitamin B12 in health and disease","volume":"2","author":"O'Leary","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110374","article-title":"COVID-19\u2019s toll on the elderly and those with diabetes mellitus \u2013 is vitamin B12 deficiency an accomplice?","volume":"146","author":"Wee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B35","first-page":"306","year":"1998"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.1.3","article-title":"Vegetarianism and vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) deficiency","volume":"78","author":"Antony","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s12562-018-1222-5","article-title":"Characterization of vitamin B12 compounds from marine foods","volume":"84","author":"Bito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fish Sci."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B38","first-page":"209","article-title":"The impact of vegan diet on B-12 status in healthy omnivores: five-year prospective study","volume":"11","author":"Madry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6769","DOI":"10.1021\/jf401545z","article-title":"Biologically active vitamin B12 compounds in foods for preventing deficiency among vegetarians and elderly subjects","volume":"61","author":"Watanabe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6051861","article-title":"Vitamin B12-containing plant food sources for vegetarians","volume":"6","author":"Watanabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092524","article-title":"Potential of Chlorella as a dietary supplement to promote human health","volume":"12","author":"Bito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13038","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13038","article-title":"Improvement of vitamin B12 status with Spirulina supplementation in Wistar rats validated through functional and circulatory markers","volume":"43","author":"Madhubalaji","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Food Biochem."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","article-title":"Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1604400410","article-title":"The role of vitamin B12 in the critically ill - a review","volume":"44","author":"Romain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B45","first-page":"105","author":"Rizzo","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-10-569186","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency from the perspective of a practicing hematologist","volume":"129","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B47","first-page":"727","author":"Lurz","year":"2020","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32833dfaec","article-title":"Vitamin B12: the forgotten micronutrient for critical care","volume":"13","author":"Manzanares","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2016.11.012","article-title":"The effects of vitamin B on the immune\/cytokine network and their involvement in depression","volume":"96","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B50","first-page":"301","author":"Herrmann","year":"2012"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563217747907","article-title":"Assessing biomarker status of vitamin B12 in the laboratory: no simple solution","volume":"55","author":"Hughes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601540","article-title":"Relationship between methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, vitamins B12 intake and status and socio-economic indices, in a subset of participants in the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 65y and over","volume":"57","author":"Bates","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B53","first-page":"791","author":"Herrmann","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2009.302","article-title":"Enhanced bone metabolism in vegetarians - the role of vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"47","author":"Herrmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.46","article-title":"The prevalence of cobalamin deficiency among vegetarians assessed by serum vitamin B12: a review of literature","volume":"68","author":"Pawlak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B56","first-page":"972","article-title":"Vitamin deficiency as risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection: correlation with susceptibility and prognosis","volume":"24","author":"Allegra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02721.x","article-title":"Association between vitamin B12 levels and mortality in hospitalized older adults","volume":"58","author":"Tal","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317174","article-title":"ACEing COVID-19 a role for angiotensin axis inhibition in SARS-CoV-2 infection?","volume":"126","author":"Murthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2016.09.013","article-title":"Megaloblastic anemias: nutritional and other causes","volume":"101","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00076-8","article-title":"Adult-onset renal thrombotic microangiopathy and pulmonary arterial hypertension in cobalamin C deficiency","volume":"386","author":"Grang\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2019.102717","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency and metabolism-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (MM-TMA)","volume":"59","author":"Sabry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.01.013","article-title":"Are we really vastly outnumbered? Revisiting the ratio of bacterial to host cells in humans","volume":"164","author":"Sender","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.00083","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency alters the gut microbiota in a murine model of colitis","volume":"7","author":"Lurz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001495","article-title":"Exercise alters gut microbiota composition and function in lean and obese humans","volume":"50","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.02.015","article-title":"Marked alterations in the distal gut microbiome linked to diet-induced obesity","volume":"3","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223813","article-title":"Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions","volume":"336","author":"Nicholson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01435","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiome on skeletal muscle mass and physical function: 2019 update","volume":"10","author":"Lustgarten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9121303","article-title":"Aging gut microbiota at the cross-road between nutrition, physical frailty, and sarcopenia: is there a gut\u2013muscle axis?","volume":"9","author":"Ticinesi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.50.1.137","article-title":"Cobalamin (coenzyme B12): synthesis and biological significance","volume":"50","author":"Roth","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000337684","article-title":"Folate and vitamin B12: function and importance in cognitive development","volume":"70","author":"Troen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25841","article-title":"Hypermethylation: causes and consequences in skeletal muscle myopathy","volume":"118","author":"Majumder","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B72","first-page":"329","article-title":"Effects of intracerebroventricular injection of vitamin B12 on formalin-induced muscle pain in rats: role of cyclooxygenase pathway and opioid receptors","volume":"9","author":"Tamaddonfard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Res Forum."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8020068","article-title":"B vitamins and the brain: mechanisms, dose and efficacy\u2014a review","volume":"8","author":"Kennedy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-018-1186-z","article-title":"The independent and combined effects of omega-3 and vitamin B12 in ameliorating propionic acid induced biochemical features in juvenile rats as rodent model of autism","volume":"66","author":"Alfawaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B75","first-page":"84","article-title":"Vitamin B12 transport proteins in patients with HIV-1 infection and AIDS","volume":"78","author":"Remacha","year":"1993","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i6583","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i6583","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"356","author":"Martineau","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-0635-2","article-title":"Nutritional recommendations for COVID-19 quarantine","volume":"74","author":"Muscogiuri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta23020","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Martineau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3109\/inf.1977.9.issue-2.22","article-title":"Coenzyme-B12 therapy in acute viral hepatitis","volume":"9","author":"Iwarson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(99)00108-7","article-title":"Cobalamin level is related to self-reported and clinically rated mood and to syndromal depression in bereaved HIV-1+ and HIV-1- homosexual men","volume":"48","author":"Baldewicz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40072","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040072","article-title":"Sub-optimal vitamin B-12 levels among ART-na\u00efve HIV-positive individuals in an urban cohort in Uganda","volume":"7","author":"Semeere","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302344","article-title":"Vitamin B12 supplementation improves rates of sustained viral response in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus","volume":"62","author":"Rocco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85607","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085607","article-title":"Micronutrient deficiency and treatment adherence in a randomized controlled trial of micronutrient supplementation in ART-na\u00efve persons with HIV","volume":"9","author":"Balfour","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B84","first-page":"31","article-title":"Falsely elevated serum vitamin B12 levels were associated with the severity and prognosis of chronic viral liver disease","volume":"60","author":"Sugihara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Yonago Acta Med"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001308","article-title":"Vitamin A and D deficiencies associated with incident tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in multinational case-cohort study","volume":"75","author":"Tenforde","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.05.014","article-title":"Effect of baseline micronutrient and inflammation status on CD4 recovery post-cART initiation in the multinational PEARLS trial","volume":"38","author":"Shivakoti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz201","article-title":"Changes in micronutrient and inflammation serum biomarker concentrations after a norovirus human challenge","volume":"110","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101825","article-title":"Comorbidities, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging features, treatment strategies, and outcomes in adult and pediatric patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Jutzeler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13362","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13362","article-title":"Predictors of adverse prognosis in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Figliozzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01502-8","article-title":"The epidemiological burden and overall distribution of chronic comorbidities in coronavirus disease-2019 among 202,005 infected patients: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Mahumud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.05.051","article-title":"The modified NUTRIC score can be used for nutritional risk assessment as well as prognosis prediction in critically ill COVID-19 patients","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10124-x","article-title":"Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome spectrum associated with COVID-19: an up-to-date systematic review of 73 cases","volume":"268","author":"Abu-Rumeileh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-021-01102-5","article-title":"Peripheral nervous system manifestations associated with COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Andalib","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E240178","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-240178","article-title":"Late onset of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection: part of \u201clong COVID-19 syndrome.\u201d","volume":"14","author":"Raahimi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.5612","article-title":"Symptoms and functional impairment assessed 8 months after mild COVID-19 among health care workers","volume":"325","author":"Havervall","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13746","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13746","article-title":"Assessment and characterisation of post-COVID-19 manifestations","volume":"75","author":"Kamal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12603","article-title":"Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19","volume":"324","author":"Carf\u00ec","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117271","article-title":"Neuropsychological and neurophysiological correlates of fatigue in post-acute patients with neurological manifestations of COVID-19: insights into a challenging symptom","volume":"420","author":"Ortelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B99","first-page":"53","article-title":"Vitamin B12 in low back pain: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"4","author":"Letizia Mauro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B100","first-page":"48","article-title":"Effectiveness of vitamin B12 on diabetic neuropathy: systematic review of clinical controlled trials","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Taiwan"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B101","first-page":"CD004655","article-title":"Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency","author":"Vidal-Alaball","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cml008","article-title":"Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"23","author":"Butler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/09637480802406153","article-title":"Vitamin B12 may be more effective than nortriptyline in improving painful diabetic neuropathy","volume":"60","author":"Talaei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2009.01.080113","article-title":"Effectiveness of vitamin B12 in treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Volkov","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.2174\/1874205X01307010044","article-title":"Vitamin B12 supplementation in treating major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Syed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Open Neurol J."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.059592","article-title":"Folic acid and vitamin B-12 supplementation and common infections in 6-30-mo-old children in India: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"98","author":"Taneja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610215000046","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of folate and vitamin B12 for depression","volume":"27","author":"Almeida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2017.10.004","article-title":"Surplus vitamin B12 use does not reduce fatigue in patients with irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Scholten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.10.014","article-title":"Vitamin B12 for herpetic neuralgia: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020395","article-title":"Vitamin B12 supplementation in diabetic neuropathy: a 1-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Didangelos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030923","article-title":"Effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and fatigue: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"13","author":"Markun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14786","article-title":"Association between neuropathy and B-vitamins: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Stein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B113","first-page":"42","article-title":"Comparative bioavailability and utilization of particular forms of B12 supplements with potential to mitigate B12-related genetic polymorphisms","volume":"16","author":"Paul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Integr Med (Encinitas)."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500019","article-title":"Cobalamin coenzyme forms are not likely to be superior to cyano- and hydroxyl-cobalamin in prevention or treatment of cobalamin deficiency","volume":"59","author":"Obeid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-016-9991-4","article-title":"Guidelines for diagnosis and management of the cobalamin-related remethylation disorders cblC, cblD, cblE, cblF, cblG, cblJ and MTHFR deficiency","volume":"40","author":"Huemer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Inherit Metab Dis."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11980","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.784819","article-title":"Clinical or ATPase domain mutations in ABCD4 disrupt the interaction between the vitamin B12-trafficking proteins ABCD4 and LMBD1","volume":"292","author":"Fettelschoss","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2020.1770685","article-title":"Biomarkers associated with COVID-19 disease progression","volume":"57","author":"Ponti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.15171\/jrip.2016.28","article-title":"High doses of oral folate and sublingual vitamin B12 in dialysis patients with hyperhomocysteinemia","volume":"5","author":"Naseri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Renal Inj Prev."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1179\/1476830515Y.0000000041","article-title":"Novel relationships between B12, folate and markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and NAD(H) levels, systemically and in the CNS of a healthy human cohort","volume":"18","author":"Guest","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2020.10.010","article-title":"Clinical course of COVID-19 patients treated with ECMO: a multicenter study in Daegu, South Korea","volume":"50","author":"Jang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hear Lung"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020482","article-title":"Vitamin B12 in relation to oxidative stress: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"van de Lagemaat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-0845-x","article-title":"Vitamin B12 supplementation during pregnancy and postpartum improves B12 status of both mothers and infants but vaccine response in mothers only: a randomized clinical trial in Bangladesh","volume":"55","author":"Siddiqua","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665118002501","article-title":"Relationship between nutritional status and the systemic inflammatory response: micronutrients","volume":"78","author":"McMillan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb4489","article-title":"Structure-based design of antiviral drug candidates targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease","volume":"368","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2359","article-title":"Vitamin B12 may inhibit RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase activity of nsp12 from the SARS-CoV-2 virus","volume":"72","author":"Narayanan","year":"2020","journal-title":"IUBMB Life."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.038","article-title":"Ritonavir may inhibit exoribonuclease activity of nsp14 from the SARS-CoV-2 virus and potentiate the activity of chain terminating drugs","volume":"168","author":"Narayanan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2021.110539","article-title":"Folic acid as placebo in controlled clinical trials of hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis in COVID-19: is it scientifically justifiable?","volume":"149","author":"Kaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02401-7","article-title":"Homocysteine directly interacts and activates the angiotensin II type I receptor to aggravate vascular injury","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13871","article-title":"SARS CoV-2 aggravates cellular metabolism mediated complications in COVID-19 infection","volume":"33","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01771-y","article-title":"Relationship between serum B12 concentrations and mortality: experience in NHANES","volume":"18","author":"Wolffenbuttel","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14078","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14078","article-title":"The association between micronutrient and hemogram values and prognostic factors in COVID-19 patients: a single-center experience from Turkey","volume":"75","author":"Ers\u00f6z","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2011.08.010","article-title":"Increased vitamin B12 levels are associated with mortality in critically ill medical patients","volume":"31","author":"Sviri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9010001","article-title":"Elevated plasma vitamin B12 concentrations are independent predictors of in-hospital mortality in adult patients at nutritional risk","volume":"9","author":"Cappello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1919274","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.19274","article-title":"Association of plasma concentration of vitamin B12 with all-cause mortality in the general population in the Netherlands","volume":"3","author":"Flores-Guerrero","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hct051","article-title":"The pathophysiology of elevated vitamin B12 in clinical practice","volume":"106","author":"Andr\u00e8s","year":"2013","journal-title":"QJM."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082326","article-title":"Elevated plasma vitamin B12 in patients with hepatic glycogen storage diseases","volume":"9","author":"Hinkel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-17-1136","article-title":"Elevated vitamin B12 levels and cancer risk in UK primary care: a thin database cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Arendt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.12.005","article-title":"Excessive vitamin B12 and poor outcome in COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"31","author":"Dalbeni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2019.00049","article-title":"Hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor and potential nutraceutical target for certain pathologies","volume":"6","author":"Tinelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13237","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13237","article-title":"Cellular senescence as a potential mediator of COVID-19 severity in the elderly","volume":"19","author":"Nehme","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.01.036","article-title":"A scarlet pimpernel for the resolution of inflammation? The role of supra-therapeutic doses of cobalamin, in the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic or traumatic shock","volume":"67","author":"Wheatley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12263-018-0591-9","article-title":"An update on vitamin B12-related gene polymorphisms and B12 status","volume":"13","author":"Surendran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9010159","article-title":"Severe COVID-19 and sepsis: immune pathogenesis and laboratory markers","volume":"9","author":"Zafer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2022021009334410000_nuab092-B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e05672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05672","article-title":"HMGB1 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for severe COVID-19","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"}],"container-title":["Nutrition Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/80\/3\/561\/42476173\/nuab092.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/80\/3\/561\/42476173\/nuab092.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T09:37:48Z","timestamp":1644485868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article\/80\/3\/561\/6427480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]]},"references-count":144,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuab092","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6643","1753-4887"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-6643","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-4887","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]]}}}