{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:21:30Z","timestamp":1789176090320,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Urology of Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81970571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overactive bladder is treated mainly with behavioral and drug therapy, and symptoms of urinary frequency and incontinence are challenging to eliminate. There is thus a continuous unmet need for new drugs with a substitution effect mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It not known whether vitamin\u2009D deficiency can lead to overactive bladder or urinary incontinence or whether vitamin\u2009D supplementation alleviates bladder symptoms. This comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether overactive bladder is associated with vitamin\u2009D deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically up to July 3, 2022.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Extraction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Initially, 706 articles were identified in the literature search, of which 13 were included in the systematic review: 4 randomized controlled trials, 3 cohort studies, 3 cross-sectional studies, and 3 case-control studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An increased risk of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence was observed with vitamin\u2009D deficiency (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20094.46; 95%CI, 1.03\u201319.33; P\u2009=\u20090.046 and OR\u2009=\u20091.30; 95%CI, 1.01\u20131.66; P\u2009=\u20090.036, respectively). Vitamin\u2009D levels were relatively low in patients with overactive bladder or urinary incontinence (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.33; 95%CI, \u22120.61 to \u22120.06, P\u2009=\u20090.019). On the basis of existing data, the risk of urinary incontinence was reduced by 66% after vitamin\u2009D supplementation (OR\u2009=\u20090.34; 95%CI, 0.18\u20130.66; P\u2009=\u20090.001). Egger test was conducted to assess publication bias, and the results were tested for robustness using a sensitivity analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vitamin\u2009D deficiency increases the risk of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence, and vitamin\u2009D supplementation reduces the risk of urinary incontinence. The development of new strategies to prevent or alleviate bladder symptoms is crucial. Vitamin\u2009D supplementation may be gaining recognition as an effective strategy for prevention or alleviation of bladder symptoms such as overactive bladder and incontinence.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022351443.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuad049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T15:11:28Z","timestamp":1684336288000},"page":"166-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Vitamin D levels and the risk of overactive bladder: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4328-7630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Pediatric Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Pediatric Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Pediatric Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianju","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Pediatric Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunlan","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Pediatric Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanghui","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Pediatric Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Pediatric Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, 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