{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T20:49:51Z","timestamp":1785012591744,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Kefir consumption has been associated with immune response modulation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the role of kefir against inflammation and the main response mechanisms involved in this process in a murine model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The searches were searched in the PubMed, Science Direct, and LILACS databases. Only murine model studies, according to PRISMA guidelines, published in the past 10\u2009years were included.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Selection<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Only articles about original and placebo-controlled experiments in murine models used to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of kefir were considered. Of the articles found, 349 were excluded according to the following criteria: duplicate articles (n\u2009=\u200999), off-topic title and abstract (n\u2009=\u2009157), reviews (n\u2009=\u200947), studies in vitro (n\u2009=\u200929), and studies with humans (n\u2009=\u200917). In total, 23 studies were included in this review.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Extraction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two independently working authors assessed the risk of bias and extracted data from the included studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Kefir consumption had positive effects on inflammation modulation. The main mechanisms involved were the reduction of pro-inflammatory and molecular markers; reduction in inflammatory infiltrate in tissues, serum biomarkers, risk factors for chronic diseases, and parasitic infection; composition and metabolic activity change of intestinal microbiota and mycobiota; activation of humoral and cellular immunity; and modulation of oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Kefir modulates the immune system in different experimental models, among other secondary outcomes, to improve overall health. The beverage reduces inflammation through the alternation between innate, Th1, and Th2 responses, reducing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing those of anti-inflammatory ones. In addition, it also mediates immunomodulatory and protective effects through the numerous molecular biomarkers and organic acids produced and secreted by kefir in the intestinal microbiota. The health-promoting effects attributed to kefir may help in the different treatments of inflammatory, chronic, and infectious diseases in the population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuad052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T08:31:28Z","timestamp":1684485088000},"page":"210-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Anti-inflammatory pathways of kefir in murine model: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2136-4447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana de F\u00e1tima","family":"Albuquerque Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Analysis and Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratories, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa , Vi\u00e7osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4797-4075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Matias Albuini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa , Vi\u00e7osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4665-7043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria do Carmo","family":"Gouveia Peluzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Analysis and Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratories, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa , Vi\u00e7osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024011012464731100_nuad052-B1","first-page":"259","volume-title":"Natural Product Drug Discovery, Discovery and Development of Anti-Inflammatory Agents from Natural Products.","author":"Prado","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024011012464731100_nuad052-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00440-6","article-title":"The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics","volume":"18","author":"Salminen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024011012464731100_nuad052-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.02.010","article-title":"Oral administration of a mixture of probiotics protects against food allergy via induction of CD103+ dendritic cells and modulates the intestinal microbiota","volume":"55","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"2024011012464731100_nuad052-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2011.08.012","article-title":"The effect of probiotics on faecal microbiota and genotoxic activity of faecal water in patients with atopic dermatitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"31","author":"Roessler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2024011012464731100_nuad052-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synbio.2018.03.001","article-title":"Prospective study of probiotic supplementation results in immune stimulation and improvement of upper respiratory infection rate","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Synth Syst Biotechnol"},{"key":"2024011012464731100_nuad052-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.05.006","article-title":"A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of probiotics in systemic sclerosis associated gastrointestinal disease","volume":"49","author":"Low","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2024011012464731100_nuad052-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116895","article-title":"Probiotic supplementation attenuates the aggressiveness of chemically induced colorectal tumor in rats","volume":"237","author":"Genaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2024011012464731100_nuad052-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029901005210","article-title":"Chemical and microbiological characterisation of kefir grains","volume":"68","author":"Garrote","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Dairy Res"},{"key":"2024011012464731100_nuad052-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1616\/1476-2137.13938","article-title":"Kefir - a complex probiotic","volume":"2","author":"Farnworth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Food Sci Technol Bull Funct Foods"},{"key":"2024011012464731100_nuad052-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029905000828","article-title":"Immunomodulating capacity of kefir","volume":"72","author":"Vinderola","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Dairy Res"},{"key":"2024011012464731100_nuad052-B11","first-page":"2816","article-title":"Characterization of Lactobacillus plantarum Lp27 isolated from Tibetan kefir grains: a potential probiotic bacterium with cholesterol-lowering effects","volume":"96","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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