{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T04:20:14Z","timestamp":1794284414928,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes synovitis. Vitamin\u2009D deficiency is common in rheumatoid arthritis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether vitamin\u2009D supplementation affects the inflammatory and clinical outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on the basis of randomized clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A literature search was performed in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar for articles published until May 2022.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Extraction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The studies were selected according to PRISMA guidelines, and the risk of bias was assessed for randomized controlled trials.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A random effects model was used to conduct a meta-analysis, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Of 464 records, 11 studies were included from 3049 patients. Conclusion: Vitamin\u2009D supplementation did not significantly reduce C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28), or the health assessment questionnaire score; however, the response to supplementation was highly heterogeneous. The pooled analysis showed that vitamin\u2009D significantly reduced the pain\u2013visual analogue scale (VAS) weighted mean difference (WMD\u2009=\u2009\u20131.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] [\u20132.34, \u221227], P\u2009=\u2009.01), DAS28\u2013CRP (WMD\u2009=\u2009\u2013.58, 95% CI [\u2013.86, \u2013.31], P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001), and DAS28\u2013ESR (WMD\u2009=\u2009\u2013.58, 95% CI [\u2013.86, \u2013.31], P\u2009=\u2009.0001). Subgroup analysis for vitamin\u2009D doses (&amp;gt;100\u2009\u00b5g per day versus &amp;lt;100\u2009\u00b5g per day) showed that the higher doses had a more significant effect on CRP than the lower doses (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was no significant difference between the effect of 2 vitamin\u2009D doses on ESR and DAS28. To minimize the high heterogeneity among studies in this meta-analysis, other confounding factors such as baseline vitamin\u2009D, age, dietary vitamin\u2009D, time of year, sun exposure, drug interaction, effect dosage, and power of study should be examined.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuad083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T23:57:28Z","timestamp":1689206248000},"page":"600-611","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Effect of vitamin D on inflammatory and clinical outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and dose\u2013response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Hagir","family":"Al-Saoodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive and Clinical Nutrition Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg C, 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