{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T14:12:07Z","timestamp":1777903927929,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006662","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Academic Clinical Lectureship in Neurology","award":["CL-2020\u201304-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CL-2020\u201304-004"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Medical Sciences Starter Grants for Clinical Lecturers Scheme","award":["SGL028\\1097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGL028\\1097"]}]},{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Histidine-containing dipeptides (carnosine, anserine, beta-alanine and others) are found in human muscle tissue and other organs like the brain. Data in rodents and humans indicate that administration of exogenous carnosine improved cognitive performance. However, RCTs results vary.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of histidine-containing dipeptide (HCD) supplementation on cognitive performance in humans to assess its utility as a cognitive stabiliser.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>OVID Medline, Medline, EBM Reviews, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases from 1\/1\/1965 to 1\/6\/2022 for all RCT of HCDs were searched.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Extraction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>2653 abstracts were screened, identifying 94 full-text articles which were assessed for eligibility. Ten articles reporting the use of HCD supplementation were meta-analysed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The random effects model has been applied using the DerSimonian-Laird method. HCD treatment significantly increased performance on Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) \u22122 Delayed recall (Weighted mean difference (WMD) (95% CI (CI))\u2009=\u20091.5 (0.6, 2.5), P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01). Treatment with HCDs had no effect on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (WMD (95% CI) = \u22120.2 (\u22121.1, 0.7), P\u2009=\u2009.65, I2\u2009=\u20090%), Mini-Mental State Examination (WMD (95% CI)\u2009=\u20090.7 (\u22120.2, 1.5), P\u2009=\u2009.14, I2\u2009=\u200942%), The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Digit span Backward (WMD (95% CI)\u2009=\u20090.1 (\u22120.3, 0.5), P\u2009=\u2009.51, I2\u2009=\u20090%), WAIS digit span Forward (WMD (95% CI)\u2009=\u20090.0 (\u22120.3, 0.4), P\u2009=\u2009.85, I2\u2009=\u200933%) and the WMS-1 Immediate recall (WMD (95% CI)\u2009=\u2009.7 (\u2212.2, 1.5), P\u2009=\u2009.11, I2\u2009=\u20090%). The effect on delayed recall remained in subgroup meta-analysis performed on studies of patients without mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and in those without MCI where average age in the study was above 65.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HCD, supplementation improved scores on the Delayed recall examination, a neuropsychological test affected early in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Further studies are needed in people with early cognitive impairment with longer follow-up duration and standardization of carnosine doses to delineate the true effect.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017075354.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuad135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T05:40:42Z","timestamp":1701150042000},"page":"1372-1385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Histidine-containing dipeptide supplementation improves delayed recall: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2781-6478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon M","family":"Bell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Hariharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J","family":"Laud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical Services Unit, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arshad","family":"Majid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8760-2511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbora","family":"de Courten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University , Australia"},{"name":"Health & Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University , Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e722","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(22)00251-3","article-title":"Hope on the horizon for Alzheimer\u2019s disease treatment?","volume":"3","author":"The Lancet Healthy Longevity","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100445","article-title":"Economic costs of dementia in 11 countries in Europe: estimates from nationally representative cohorts of a panel study","volume":"20","author":"Meijer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.4\/hjahn","article-title":"Memory loss in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Jahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2021.41","article-title":"Aducanumab: appropriate use recommendations","volume":"8","author":"Cummings","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14781","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202114781","article-title":"Aducanumab: a new phase in therapeutic development for Alzheimer\u2019s disease?","volume":"13","author":"Lalli","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)32205-4","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"397","author":"Scheltens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9440(10)65659-3","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"153","author":"Sasaki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-018-2667-7","article-title":"Carnosine as an effective neuroprotector in brain pathology and potential neuromodulator in normal conditions","volume":"51","author":"Berezhnoy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9010063","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a biomarker of the future?","volume":"9","author":"Bell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117253","article-title":"Role of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and autophagy in progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"421","author":"Bhatia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm10020032","article-title":"Deficits in mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity contribute to the neuropsychological changes of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Bell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12233","article-title":"Inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases\u2014an update","volume":"142","author":"Amor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00039.2012","article-title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of carnosine","volume":"93","author":"Boldyrev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B14","first-page":"824","article-title":"Carnosine-related dipeptides in neurons and glia","volume":"65","author":"De Marchis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)."},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01114","article-title":"Astrocytes: role and functions in brain pathologies","volume":"10","author":"Siracusa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44492","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44492","article-title":"Carnosine attenuates the development of both type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in BTBR ob\/ob mice","volume":"7","author":"Albrecht","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.300572","article-title":"Dietary carnosine prevents early atherosclerotic lesion formation in apolipoprotein E-null mice","volume":"33","author":"Barski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.11.068","article-title":"Supplementation with carnosine decreases plasma triglycerides and modulates atherosclerotic plaque composition in diabetic apo E\u2212\/\u2212 mice","volume":"232","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.1161\/Strokeaha.107.488502","article-title":"Carnosine is neuroprotective against permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice","volume":"38","author":"Rajanikant","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-012-1251-9","article-title":"Role of L-carnosine in the control of blood glucose, blood pressure, thermogenesis, and lipolysis by autonomic nerves in rats: involvement of the circadian clock and histamine","volume":"43","author":"Nagai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21434","article-title":"Effects of carnosine supplementation on glucose metabolism: pilot clinical trial","volume":"24","author":"De Courten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2020.1856830","article-title":"Understanding the antioxidant and carbonyl sequestering activity of carnosine: direct and indirect mechanisms","volume":"55","author":"Aldini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaa022","article-title":"Carnosine and histidine-containing dipeptides improve dyslipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"78","author":"Menon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061196","article-title":"The potential of carnosine in brain-related disorders: a comprehensive review of current evidence","volume":"11","author":"Sch\u00f6n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2018.12.004","article-title":"Pivotal role of carnosine in the modulation of brain cells activity: multimodal mechanism of action and therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"175","author":"Caruso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1006933028389","article-title":"Metabolic transformation of neuropeptide carnosine modifies its biological activity","volume":"19","author":"Boldyrev","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10050793","article-title":"L-carnosine stimulation of coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis promotes improved mitochondrial function and decreases hepatic steatosis in diabetic conditions","volume":"10","author":"Schwank-Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2018.08.002","article-title":"Intranasal carnosine attenuates transcriptomic alterations and improves mitochondrial function in the Thy1-aSyn mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"125","author":"Berm\u00fadez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.114.005183","article-title":"Modulation of mitochondrial function and autophagy mediates carnosine neuroprotection against ischemic brain damage","volume":"45","author":"Baek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17971","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017971","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of carnosine on mitochondrial dysfunction, amyloid pathology, and cognitive deficits in 3xTg-AD mice","volume":"6","author":"Corona","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181c74e38","article-title":"Role of beta-alanine supplementation on muscle carnosine and exercise performance","volume":"42","author":"Artioli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2014.04.021","article-title":"Effects of oral administration of orodispersible levo-carnosine on quality of life and exercise performance in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"31","author":"Lombardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00219","article-title":"Daily carnosine and anserine supplementation alters verbal episodic memory and resting state network connectivity in healthy elderly adults","volume":"7","author":"Rokicki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2014.04.008","article-title":"Anserine and carnosine supplementation in the elderly: effects on cognitive functioning and physical capacity","volume":"59","author":"Szcze\u015bniak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150767","article-title":"Effect of anserine\/carnosine supplementation on verbal episodic memory in elderly people","volume":"50","author":"Hisatsune","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.0809","article-title":"Anserine\/carnosine supplementation preserves blood flow in the prefrontal brain of elderly people carrying APOE e4","volume":"9","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070845","article-title":"Effectiveness of essence of chicken on cognitive function improvement: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Suttiwan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0276","article-title":"Effect of oral amino acids on counterregulatory responses and cognitive function during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in nondiabetic and type 1 diabetic people","volume":"57","author":"Rossetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3640","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003640","article-title":"Effectiveness of essence of chicken in improving cognitive function in young people under work-related stress: a randomized double-blind trial","volume":"95","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B40","first-page":"57","article-title":"Effect of taking chicken essence on cognitive functioning of normal stressed human volunteers","volume":"4","author":"Azhar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Malays J Med Health Sci"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9111199","article-title":"Anserine\/carnosine supplementation suppresses the expression of the inflammatory chemokine CCL24 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from elderly people","volume":"9","author":"Katakura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-014-1896-7","article-title":"\u03b2-Alanine ingestion increases muscle carnosine content and combat specific performance in soldiers","volume":"47","author":"Hoffman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v5n3p69","article-title":"Carnosine treatment for gulf war illness: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Baraniuk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob J Health Sci"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003660","article-title":"Effects of multi-ingredient preworkout supplements on physical performance, cognitive performance, mood state, and hormone concentrations in recreationally active men and women","volume":"36","author":"Beckner","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-10-86","article-title":"Diverse activation of microglia by chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 overexpression in brain","volume":"10","author":"Selenica","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e020623","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020623","article-title":"Effects of supplementation with carnosine and other histidine-containing dipeptides on chronic disease risk factors and outcomes: protocol for a systematic review of randomised controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"Menon","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429258589","volume-title":"Practical Statistics for Medical Research","author":"Altman","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12975","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12975","article-title":"Histidine-containing dipeptides reduce central obesity and improve glycaemic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"21","author":"Menon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B50","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071626","article-title":"Effects of anserine\/carnosine supplementation on mild cognitive impairment with APOE4","volume":"11","author":"Masuoka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202535","article-title":"Anserine, HClO-scavenger, protected against cognitive decline in individuals with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"13","author":"Masuoka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuac108","article-title":"Letter to the Editor: Double-counting due to inadequate statistics leads to false-positive findings in \u201cEffects of creatine supplementation on memory in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials\u201d","volume":"81","author":"Eckert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212948","article-title":"Lecanemab in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"388","author":"van Dyck","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-00995-9","article-title":"Correction: a randomized, double-blind, phase 2b proof-of-concept clinical trial in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease with lecanemab, an anti-A\u03b2 protofibril antibody","volume":"14","author":"Swanson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.12.1852","article-title":"Efficacy of donepezil in early-stage Alzheimer disease: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"61","author":"Seltzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23557","article-title":"Donepezil for dementia with Lewy bodies: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Mori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1555115","article-title":"The impact of age on cognition","volume":"36","author":"Murman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Hear"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldp033","article-title":"Age-associated cognitive decline","volume":"92","author":"Deary","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2017.10.002","article-title":"\u03b2-Alanine supplementation elevates intramuscular carnosine content and attenuates fatigue in men and women similarly but does not change muscle l-histidine content","volume":"48","author":"Varanoske","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7020887","article-title":"The effect of chicken extract on mood, cognition and heart rate variability","volume":"7","author":"Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1159\/000295663","article-title":"Treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease with a cholinesterase inhibitor combined with antioxidants","volume":"7","author":"Cornelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00917.2017","article-title":"Nutritional supplementation boosts aerobic exercise effects on functional brain systems","volume":"126","author":"Voss","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-018-0238-7","article-title":"\u03b2-Alanine supplementation increased physical performance and improved executive function following endurance exercise in middle aged individuals","volume":"15","author":"Furst","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sports Nutr"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7417\/CT.2020.2231","article-title":"The efficacy of a dietary supplement with carnosine and Hibiscus sabdariffa L.(AqualiefTM) in patients with xerostomia: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial","volume":"171","author":"Levrini","year":"2020","journal-title":"La Clinica Terapeutica"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2016.09.010","article-title":"An emerging role for eotaxins in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"189","author":"Huber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018673","article-title":"Intestinal absorption of the intact peptide carnosine in man, and comparison with intestinal permeability to lactulose","volume":"439","author":"Gardner","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0491(00)00279-0","article-title":"Hydrolysis of carnosine and related compounds by mammalian carnosinases","volume":"127","author":"Pegova","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12802","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312802","article-title":"Erythrocytes prevent degradation of carnosine by human serum carnosinase","volume":"22","author":"Oppermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a006171","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006171","article-title":"The neuropsychological profile of Alzheimer disease","volume":"2","author":"Weintraub","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.53.2683","article-title":"Norms of the Mini-Mental state Examination for Japanese subjects that underwent comprehensive brain examinations: the Kashima Scan Study","volume":"53","author":"Yakushiji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500180078038","article-title":"Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination by age and educational level","volume":"12","author":"Crum","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.45.11.1980","article-title":"Cognitive performance on the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Assessment Scale: effect of education","volume":"45","author":"Doraiswamy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P223","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/60.5.P223","article-title":"Aging and verbal memory span: a meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Bopp","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326942DN2202","article-title":"Digit span changes from puberty to old age under different levels of education","volume":"22","author":"Karaka\u015f","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acx024","article-title":"Effects of age and gender on recall and recognition discriminability","volume":"32","author":"Graves","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnv030","article-title":"The impact of memory change on daily life in normal aging and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"56","author":"Parikh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4252","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1603023113","article-title":"Individual variability in human blood metabolites identifies age-related differences","volume":"113","author":"Chaleckis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9030253","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of carnosine\/anserine supplementation against cognitive decline: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Caruso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020397","article-title":"Influence of imidazole-dipeptides on cognitive status and preservation in elders: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Masuoka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.12.077","article-title":"Changes in regional cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity in the cholinergic pathway associated with cognitive performance in subjects with mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease after 12-week donepezil treatment","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt162","article-title":"The role of the posterior cingulate cortex in cognition and disease","volume":"137","author":"Leech","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1440.011","article-title":"The brain\u2019s default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease","volume":"1124","author":"Buckner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00770","article-title":"Default mode network complexity and cognitive decline in mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Grieder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.07050717","article-title":"Serum bicarbonate concentration and cognitive function in hypertensive adults","volume":"13","author":"Dobre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21238924","article-title":"Peripheral glycolysis in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"21","author":"Bell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2018.08.019","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid improves mitochondrial function and redistributes Drp1 in fibroblasts from patients with either sporadic or familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"430","author":"Bell","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.2021-7-3","article-title":"Aducanumab: evidence from clinical trial data and controversies","volume":"10","author":"Tampi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs Context"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P359","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/53b.6.p359","article-title":"A normative, community-based study of Mini-Mental State in elderly adults: the effect of age and educational level","volume":"53","author":"Ishizaki","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"2024091007532157700_nuad135-B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610208007886","article-title":"Cross-cultural comparisons of the Mini-mental State Examination between Japanese and U.S. cohorts","volume":"21","author":"Dodge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"}],"container-title":["Nutrition Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/82\/10\/1372\/59066786\/nuad135.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/82\/10\/1372\/59066786\/nuad135.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T12:09:37Z","timestamp":1725970177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article\/82\/10\/1372\/7451815"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuad135","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6643","1753-4887"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-6643","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-4887","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]}}}