{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:42:01Z","timestamp":1791211321003,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82273616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Outstanding Youth Science Found of Heilongjiang Province","award":["JQ2023H001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JQ2023H001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dietary restriction and fasting have been recognized for their beneficial effects on health and lifespan and their potential application in managing chronic metabolic diseases. However, long-term adherence to strict dietary restrictions and prolonged fasting poses challenges for most individuals and may lead to unhealthy rebound eating habits, negatively affecting overall health. As a result, a periodic fasting-mimicking diet (PFMD), involving cycles of fasting for 2 or more days while ensuring basic nutritional needs are met within a restricted caloric intake, has gained widespread acceptance. Current research indicates that a PFMD can promote stem cell regeneration, suppress inflammation, extend the health span of rodents, and improve metabolic health, among other effects. In various disease populations such as patients with diabetes, cancer, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease, a PFMD has shown efficacy in alleviating disease symptoms and improving relevant markers. After conducting an extensive analysis of available research on the PFMD, it is evident that its advantages and potential applications are comparable to other fasting methods. Consequently, it is proposed in this review that a PFMD has the potential to fully replace water-only or very-low-energy fasting regimens and holds promise for application across multiple diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuae003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T08:22:56Z","timestamp":1704788576000},"page":"e412-e426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of the periodic fasting-mimicking diet on health, lifespan, and multiple diseases: a narrative review and clinical implications"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Ruohua","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University , Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University , Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University , Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University , Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanfeng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University , Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University , Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengxia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University , Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuran","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University , Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University , Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4879-6664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yucun","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University , Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.02.003","article-title":"The global burden of metabolic disease: data from 2000 to 2019","volume":"35","author":"Chew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B2","first-page":"214","article-title":"Fasting as an introduction to the treatment of obesity","volume":"8","author":"Bloom","year":"1959","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/31.3.363","article-title":"Apparent prolongation of the life span of rats by intermittent fasting","volume":"31","author":"Carlson","year":"1946","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.36","article-title":"Intermittent fasting attenuates increases in neurogenesis after ischemia and reperfusion and improves recovery","volume":"34","author":"Manzanero","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6216","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1035720100","article-title":"Intermittent fasting dissociates beneficial effects of dietary restriction on glucose metabolism and neuronal resistance to injury from calorie intake","volume":"100","author":"Anson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.06.002","article-title":"Replicative and chronological aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"16","author":"Longo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.137.7.1581","article-title":"Human Bcl-2 reverses survival defects in yeast lacking superoxide dismutase and delays death of wild-type yeast","volume":"137","author":"Longo","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2006.00238.x","article-title":"Lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans by complete removal of food","volume":"5","author":"Kaeberlein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2006.00241.x","article-title":"Dietary deprivation extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.020","article-title":"Promoting health and longevity through diet: from model organisms to humans","volume":"161","author":"Fontana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.03.030","article-title":"Intermittent fasting: a heart healthy dietary pattern?","volume":"133","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040873","article-title":"Clinical management of intermittent fasting in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Grajower","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.11124\/JBISRIR-2016-003248","article-title":"Intermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Harris","year":"2018","journal-title":"JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B14","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-122319-034601","article-title":"Calorie restriction and aging in humans","volume":"40","author":"Flanagan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2014.07.002","article-title":"Protein and amino acid restriction, aging and disease: from yeast to humans","volume":"25","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102725","article-title":"Evolution, mechanism and limits of dietary restriction induced health benefits & longevity","volume":"63","author":"Becker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau2095","article-title":"A time to fast","volume":"362","author":"Di Francesco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16647","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1413965111","article-title":"Meal frequency and timing in health and disease","volume":"111","author":"Mattson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13138","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13138","article-title":"Reduced caloric intake and periodic fasting independently contribute to metabolic effects of caloric restriction","volume":"19","author":"Velingkaar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21342","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202002470R","article-title":"Two-meal caloric restriction induces 12-hour rhythms and improves glucose homeostasis","volume":"35","author":"Velingkaar","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.1.7","article-title":"Alternate-day fasting and chronic disease prevention: a review of human and animal trials","volume":"86","author":"Varady","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.10.005","article-title":"Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes","volume":"39","author":"Mattson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122536","article-title":"Intermittent fasting: potential utility in the treatment of chronic pain across the clinical spectrum","volume":"14","author":"Caron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16243-3","article-title":"Synergistic effect of fasting-mimicking diet and vitamin C against KRAS mutated cancers","volume":"11","author":"Di Tano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.12.008","article-title":"Fasting: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications","volume":"19","author":"Longo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.109553","article-title":"Health effects of intermittent fasting: hormesis or harm? A systematic review","volume":"102","author":"Horne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1905136","article-title":"Effects of intermittent fasting on health, aging, and disease","volume":"381","author":"de Cabo","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-020-00013-3","article-title":"Intermittent and periodic fasting, longevity and disease","volume":"1","author":"Longo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2136-6","article-title":"Is fasting safe? A chart review of adverse events during medically supervised, water-only fasting","volume":"18","author":"Finnell","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041194","article-title":"Mechanisms of lifespan regulation by calorie restriction and intermittent fasting in model organisms","volume":"12","author":"Hwangbo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e110176","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110176","article-title":"Shifting the circadian rhythm of feeding in mice induces gastrointestinal, metabolic and immune alterations which are influenced by ghrelin and the core clock gene Bmal1","volume":"9","author":"Laermans","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.06.001","article-title":"Fasting, circadian rhythms, and time-restricted feeding in healthy lifespan","volume":"23","author":"Longo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021545","article-title":"The circadian clock, nutritional signals and reproduction: a close relationship","volume":"24","author":"Ono","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12280","article-title":"Lifespan-extending caloric restriction or mTOR inhibition impair adaptive immunity of old mice by distinct mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Goldberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4183","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102045","article-title":"Alpha-ketoglutarate extends Drosophila lifespan by inhibiting mTOR and activating AMPK","volume":"11","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2014.05.013","article-title":"Intermittent fasting vs daily calorie restriction for type 2 diabetes prevention: a review of human findings","volume":"164","author":"Barnosky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2017.02.005","article-title":"GH and ageing: pitfalls and new insights","volume":"31","author":"Bartke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.033","article-title":"Fasting and surgery timing (FaST) audit","volume":"40","author":"El-Sharkawy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr.)"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.05.012","article-title":"A periodic diet that mimics fasting promotes multi-system regeneration, enhanced cognitive performance, and healthspan","volume":"22","author":"Brandhorst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00469-6","article-title":"Fasting-mimicking diet prevents high-fat diet effect on cardiometabolic risk and lifespan","volume":"3","author":"Mishra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaai8700","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aai8700","article-title":"Fasting-mimicking diet and markers\/risk factors for aging, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"9","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14051093","article-title":"Fasting-mimicking diet reduces trimethylamine N-oxide levels and improves serum biochemical parameters in healthy volunteers","volume":"14","author":"Videja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051710","article-title":"The effects of a fasting mimicking diet on skin hydration, skin texture, and skin assessment: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Maloh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.04.002","article-title":"Nutrition, longevity and disease: from molecular mechanisms to interventions","volume":"185","author":"Longo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.4153","article-title":"Effects of time-restricted eating on weight loss and other metabolic parameters in women and men with overweight and obesity: the TREAT randomized clinical trial","volume":"180","author":"Lowe","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3233\/NHA-170036","article-title":"Effects of 8-hour time restricted feeding on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors in obese adults: a pilot study","volume":"4","author":"Gabel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Healthy Aging"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22756","article-title":"Time-restricted eating effects on body composition and metabolic measures in humans who are overweight: a feasibility study","volume":"28","author":"Chow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0339-7","article-title":"Effect of intermittent compared to continuous energy restriction on weight loss and weight maintenance after 12 months in healthy overweight or obese adults","volume":"43","author":"Headland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26654-5","article-title":"Diet composition influences the metabolic benefits of short cycles of very low caloric intake","volume":"12","author":"Diaz-Ruiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E 2100381","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100381","article-title":"Improvement of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by intermittent use of a fasting-mimicking diet","volume":"65","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030511","article-title":"Glucose metabolism and metabolomic changes in response to prolonged fasting in individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes and non-obese people-a cohort trial","volume":"15","author":"Tripolt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.08.005","article-title":"Calorie restriction in humans: an update","volume":"39","author":"Most","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-021-00353-5","article-title":"Effect of various types of intermittent fasting (IF) on weight loss and improvement of diabetic parameters in human","volume":"10","author":"Nowosad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Rep"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02467-7","article-title":"Glycemic control by umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes effects of fasting-mimicking diet on type 2 diabetic mice","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.040","article-title":"Fasting-mimicking diet promotes Ngn3-driven \u03b2-cell regeneration to reverse diabetes","volume":"168","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e180756","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.0756","article-title":"Effect of intermittent compared with continuous energy restricted diet on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized noninferiority trial","volume":"1","author":"Carter","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac197","article-title":"Six-month periodic fasting in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"107","author":"Sulaj","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-020-00576-7","article-title":"Fasting in diabetes treatment (FIT) trial: study protocol for a randomised, controlled, assessor-blinded intervention trial on the effects of intermittent use of a fasting-mimicking diet in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"van den Burg","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-020-01362-4","article-title":"Periodic and intermittent fasting in diabetes and cardiovascular disease","volume":"20","author":"Crupi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.0936","article-title":"Effect of alternate-day fasting on weight loss, weight maintenance, and cardioprotection among metabolically healthy obese adults: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"177","author":"Trepanowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2014.04.014","article-title":"Prolonged fasting reduces IGF-1\/PKA to promote hematopoietic-stem-cell-based regeneration and reverse immunosuppression","volume":"14","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70ra13","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3001845","article-title":"Growth hormone receptor deficiency is associated with a major reduction in pro-aging signaling, cancer, and diabetes in humans","volume":"3","author":"Guevara-Aguirre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1302.012","article-title":"Cardiac ryanodine receptor function and regulation in heart disease","volume":"1015","author":"Lehnart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-019-00719-2","article-title":"Neuroprotection of fasting mimicking diet on MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice via gut microbiota and metabolites","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111417","article-title":"Fasting-mimicking diet cycles reduce neuroinflammation to attenuate cognitive decline in Alzheimer's models","volume":"40","author":"Rangan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-095956","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of T lymphocytes","volume":"31","author":"MacIver","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2020.108493","article-title":"Intermittent caloric restriction with a modified fasting-mimicking diet ameliorates autoimmunity and promotes recovery in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"87","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a028977","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028977","article-title":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS)","volume":"8","author":"Glatigny","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01302.x","article-title":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS)","volume":"164","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.05.009","article-title":"A diet mimicking fasting promotes regeneration and reduces autoimmunity and multiple sclerosis symptoms","volume":"15","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2021.108785","article-title":"Intermittent administration of a fasting-mimicking diet reduces intestinal inflammation and promotes repair to ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease in mice","volume":"96","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.10.001","article-title":"Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review","volume":"142","author":"Molodecky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020831","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"347","author":"Podolsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.02.019","article-title":"Fasting-mimicking diet modulates microbiota and promotes intestinal regeneration to reduce inflammatory bowel disease pathology","volume":"26","author":"Rangan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27061794","article-title":"Genesis and mechanism of some cancer types and an overview on the role of diet and nutrition in cancer prevention","volume":"27","author":"Kamal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4353-2","article-title":"The effects of short-term fasting on quality of life and tolerance to chemotherapy in patients with breast and ovarian cancer: a randomized cross-over pilot study","volume":"18","author":"Bauersfeld","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3305","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2011.91","article-title":"Fasting vs dietary restriction in cellular protection and cancer treatment: from model organisms to patients","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21694","article-title":"Intermittent fasting in the prevention and treatment of cancer","volume":"71","author":"Clifton","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2010.01521.x","article-title":"Insulin resistance and cancer: epidemiological evidence","volume":"101","author":"Tsugane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2502-7","article-title":"Fasting-mimicking diet and hormone therapy induce breast cancer regression","volume":"583","author":"Caffa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.07.009","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR inhibitors in cancer: at the bench and bedside","volume":"59","author":"Alzahrani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.10.008","article-title":"Fasting-mimicking diet blocks triple-negative breast cancer and cancer stem cell escape","volume":"33","author":"Salvadori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2022.05.046","article-title":"Exceptional tumour responses to fasting-mimicking diet combined with standard anticancer therapies: a sub-analysis of the NCT03340935 trial","volume":"172","author":"Ligorio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13164013","article-title":"Safety and feasibility of fasting-mimicking diet and effects on nutritional status and circulating metabolic and inflammatory factors in cancer patients undergoing active treatment","volume":"13","author":"Valdemarin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-0030","article-title":"Fasting-mimicking diet is safe and reshapes metabolism and antitumor immunity in patients with cancer","volume":"12","author":"Vernieri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16138-3","article-title":"Fasting mimicking diet as an adjunct to\u2009neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in the multicentre randomized phase 2 DIRECT trial","volume":"11","author":"de Groot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-020-05991-x","article-title":"Quality of life and illness perceptions in patients with breast cancer using a fasting mimicking diet as an adjunct to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the phase 2 DIRECT (BOOG 2013-14) trial","volume":"185","author":"Lugtenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.06.005","article-title":"Fasting-mimicking diet reduces HO-1 to promote T cell-mediated tumor cytotoxicity","volume":"30","author":"Di Biase","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7009","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-1075","article-title":"Carbon monoxide expedites metabolic exhaustion to inhibit tumor growth","volume":"73","author":"Wegiel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-021-00715-3","article-title":"Cepharanthine sensitizes human triple negative breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agent epirubicin via inducing cofilin oxidation-mediated mitochondrial fission and apoptosis","volume":"43","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9154","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c03890","article-title":"Enhanced sensitivity of tumor cells to autophagy inhibitors using fasting-mimicking diet and targeted lysosomal delivery nanoplatform","volume":"22","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c00356","article-title":"Suppression of energy metabolism in cancer cells with nutrient-sensing nanodrugs","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2200482","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202200482","article-title":"Regulation of nucleotide metabolism with nutrient-sensing nanodrugs for cancer therapy","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202218128","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202218128","article-title":"Targeted degradation of PD-L1 and activation of the STING pathway by carbon-dot-based PROTACs for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"62","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed"},{"key":"2025011020364251100_nuae003-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104496","article-title":"Fasting-mimicking diet synergizes with ferroptosis against quiescent, chemotherapy-resistant cells","volume":"90","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"}],"container-title":["Nutrition Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/83\/2\/e412\/56449905\/nuae003.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/83\/2\/e412\/56449905\/nuae003.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T15:39:11Z","timestamp":1736523551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article\/83\/2\/e412\/7591546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuae003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6643","1753-4887"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-6643","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-4887","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]}}}