{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:03:19Z","timestamp":1792602199939,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sarcopenia describes the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength that is driven, at least in part, by an imbalance between rates of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown. An expanding body of literature has examined the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) ingestion on MPS rates in older adults, with mixed findings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of n-3 PUFA ingestion in stimulating rates of MPS and whole-body protein synthesis in healthy adults and clinical populations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Searches were conducted of the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases from inception until December 2022 for articles on randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of n-3 PUFA ingestion vs a control or placebo on rates of MPS and whole-body protein synthesis. The search yielded 302 studies, of which 8 were eligible for inclusion.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Extraction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The random effects inverse-variance model was used and standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95%CIs were calculated to assess the pooled effect. Risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 tool.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The main analysis indicated no effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on MPS rates (k\u2009=\u20096; SMD: 0.03; 95%CI, \u22120.35 to 0.40; I2\u2009=\u200930%; P\u2009=\u2009.89). Subgroup analysis based on age, n-3 PUFA dose, duration of supplementation, and method used to measure fractional synthetic rate also revealed no effect of n-3 PUFA ingestion on MPS. In contrast, the main analysis demonstrated an effect of n-3 PUFA ingestion on increasing whole-body protein synthesis rates (k\u2009=\u20093; SMD: 0.51; 95%CI, 0.12\u20130.90; I2\u2009=\u20090%; P\u2009=\u2009.01).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>n-3 PUFA ingestion augments the stimulation of whole-body protein synthesis rates in healthy adults and clinical populations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PROSPERO registration no. 42022366986.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuae055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T02:43:20Z","timestamp":1716432200000},"page":"e131-e143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on muscle and whole-body protein synthesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2013-0278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atiporn","family":"Therdyothin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L7 8TX ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Police General Hospital , Bangkok, Pathum Wan, Bangkok , 10330,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6264-9388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Prokopidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L7 8TX ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia , Perugia, Piazza dell'Universit\u00e0, 1, Perugia PG , 06123,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver C","family":"Witard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Human & Applied Physiological Research, King\u2019s College London , London, SE1 1UL ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Isanejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L7 8TX ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B2","first-page":"177","article-title":"Clinical definition of sarcopenia","volume":"11","author":"Santilli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2012.02.007","article-title":"Sarcopenia as a risk factor for falls in elderly individuals: results from the ilSIRENTE study","volume":"31","author":"Landi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4293","article-title":"Sarcopenia definitions as predictors of fracture risk independent of FRAX(\u00ae), falls, and BMD in the osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) study: a meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Harvey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3519","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103519","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and sarcopenia","volume":"13","author":"Nishikawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-022-00627-3","article-title":"Sarcopenia reduces quality of life in the long-term: longitudinal analyses from the English longitudinal study of ageing","volume":"13","author":"Veronese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02276-w","article-title":"Sarcopenia as a predictor of mortality among the critically ill in an intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B8","first-page":"E628","article-title":"Postexercise net protein synthesis in human muscle from orally administered amino acids","volume":"276","author":"Tipton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00817-w","article-title":"Tracing metabolic flux to assess optimal dietary protein and amino acid consumption","volume":"54","author":"Wolfe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00076.2009","article-title":"Ingestion of whey hydrolysate, casein, or soy protein isolate: effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in young men","volume":"107","author":"Tang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26401","article-title":"Ingested protein dose response of muscle and albumin protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young men","volume":"89","author":"Moore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1031","article-title":"Consumption of fluid skim milk promotes greater muscle protein accretion after resistance exercise than does consumption of an isonitrogenous and isoenergetic soy-protein beverage","volume":"85","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.005611","article-title":"Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation increases the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"93","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20100597","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids augment the muscle protein anabolic response to hyperinsulinaemia-hyperaminoacidaemia in healthy young and middle-aged men and women","volume":"121","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4586","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201801857RRR","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation attenuates skeletal muscle disuse atrophy during two weeks of unilateral leg immobilization in healthy young women","volume":"33","author":"McGlory","year":"2019","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12715","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12715","article-title":"Fish oil supplementation suppresses resistance exercise and feeding-induced increases in anabolic signaling without affecting myofibrillar protein synthesis in young men","volume":"4","author":"McGlory","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n160","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n160","article-title":"PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7414","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2011.10.003","article-title":"Effects of malnutrition with or without eicosapentaenoic acid on proteolytic pathways in diaphragm","volume":"180","author":"Bando","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3109\/09637489209027538","article-title":"Modulation of metabolic effects of TNF\u03b1 by dietary fats","volume":"43","author":"Bashir","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881624","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.881624","article-title":"The effects of maternal intake of EPA and DHA enriched diet during pregnancy and lactation on offspring's muscle development and energy homeostasis","volume":"13","author":"Ghnaimawi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2019.00040","article-title":"Integrated myofibrillar protein synthesis in recovery from unaccustomed and accustomed resistance exercise with and without multi-ingredient supplementation in overweight older men","volume":"6","author":"Bell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101210","article-title":"Influence of omega-3 fatty acids on skeletal muscle protein metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics in older adults","volume":"9","author":"Lalia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.028787","article-title":"PUFAs acutely affect triacylglycerol-derived skeletal muscle fatty acid uptake and increase postprandial insulin sensitivity","volume":"95","author":"Jans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2012.04.003","article-title":"Impact of dietary fat quantity and quality on skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism in subjects with the metabolic syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Jans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"17","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3537","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173537","article-title":"A randomized trial of the effects of dietary n3-PUFAs on skeletal muscle function and acute exercise response in healthy older adults","volume":"14","author":"Kunz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac138","article-title":"\u03c9-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation improves postabsorptive and prandial protein metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"116","author":"Engelen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.09.729","article-title":"Omega-3 supplementation during unilateral resistance exercise training in older women: a within subject and double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Brook","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa449","article-title":"Does supplementation with leucine-enriched protein alone and in combination with fish-oil-derived n-3 PUFA affect muscle mass, strength, physical performance, and muscle protein synthesis in well-nourished older adults? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"113","author":"Murphy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.140780","article-title":"Sex differences in the effect of fish-oil supplementation on the adaptive response to resistance exercise training in older people: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"105","author":"Da Boit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04150415","article-title":"High dose omega-3 fatty acid administration and skeletal muscle protein turnover in maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"11","author":"Deger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3739","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123739","article-title":"Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle performance among the elderly: a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14112221","article-title":"Effects of omega-3 supplementation alone and combined with resistance exercise on skeletal muscle in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Cornish","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01474.2005","article-title":"Efficacy of 3 days\/wk resistance training on myofiber hypertrophy and myogenic mechanisms in young vs. older adults","volume":"101","author":"Kosek","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp026","article-title":"Age-related deficit in load-induced skeletal muscle growth","volume":"64","author":"Hwee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu103","article-title":"Protein ingestion to stimulate myofibrillar protein synthesis requires greater relative protein intakes in healthy older versus younger men","volume":"70","author":"Moore","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3390\/md21070399","article-title":"The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on sarcopenia: mechanism of action and potential efficacy","volume":"21","author":"Therdyothin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109104","article-title":"Efficacy of the omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers: an umbrella meta-analysis","volume":"111","author":"Kavyani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-016-0303-7","article-title":"What is the impact of n-3 PUFAs on inflammation markers in Type 2 diabetic mellitus populations?: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114522000575","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can reduce IL-6 and TNF levels in patients with cancer","volume":"129","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.131896","article-title":"A randomized, crossover, head-to-head comparison of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation to reduce inflammation markers in men and women: the Comparing EPA to DHA (ComparED) Study","volume":"104","author":"Allaire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-023-10327-0","article-title":"Does omega-3 supplementation improve the inflammatory profile of patients with heart failure? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Prokopidis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030719","article-title":"Supplementation of re-esterified docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids reduce inflammatory and muscle damage markers after exercise in endurance athletes: a randomized, controlled crossover trial","volume":"12","author":"Ramos-Campo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37209-y","article-title":"Nutritional and lipidomics biomarkers of docosahexaenoic acid-based multivitamin therapy in pediatric NASH","volume":"9","author":"Torquato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102279","article-title":"A novel anti-inflammatory role of omega-3 PUFAs in prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia","volume":"11","author":"Simonetto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.08.010","article-title":"Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance","volume":"1851","author":"Calder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"41","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15184","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510086103","article-title":"The omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoate attenuates endothelial cyclooxygenase-2 induction through both NADP(H) oxidase and PKC\u03b5 inhibition","volume":"103","author":"Massaro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2015.06.007","article-title":"n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulate osteoclastogenesis through PPAR\u03b3-mediated enhancement of c-Fos expression, and suppress osteoclastogenesis through PPAR\u03b3-dependent inhibition of NFkB activation","volume":"26","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.11.6.0007","article-title":"Fatty acids, eicosanoids, and hypolipidemic agents identified as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by coactivator-dependent receptor ligand assay","volume":"11","author":"Krey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.09.027","article-title":"IKK\u03b2\/NF-\u03baB activation causes severe muscle wasting in mice","volume":"119","author":"Cai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12576-020-00768-9","article-title":"The ubiquitin-proteasome system in regulation of the skeletal muscle homeostasis and atrophy: from basic science to disorders","volume":"70","author":"Kitajima","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Physiol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12785","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12785","article-title":"Effect of dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation on the muscle transcriptome in older adults","volume":"4","author":"Yoshino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/rco2.29","article-title":"Reduced adenosine diphosphate sensitivity in skeletal muscle mitochondria increases reactive oxygen species production in mouse models of aging and oxidative stress but not denervation","volume":"4","author":"Pharaoh","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCSM Rapid Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.267336","article-title":"Omega-3 supplementation alters mitochondrial membrane composition and respiration kinetics in human skeletal muscle","volume":"592","author":"Herbst","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2003.09.012","article-title":"The contribution of reactive oxygen species to sarcopenia and muscle ageing","volume":"39","author":"Fulle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-11-142","article-title":"Conjugated linoleic acid or omega 3 fatty acids increase mitochondrial biosynthesis and metabolism in skeletal muscle cells","volume":"11","author":"Vaughan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2017.06.019","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mitochondria, back to the future","volume":"67","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E395","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00414.2001","article-title":"Contrasting effects of fish oil and safflower oil on hepatic peroxisomal and tissue lipid content","volume":"282","author":"Neschen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.3.618","article-title":"Effect of sex and genotype on cardiovascular biomarker response to fish oils: the FINGEN Study","volume":"88","author":"Caslake","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025011020390803700_nuae055-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12834","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12834","article-title":"Sex differences in the response to resistance exercise training in older people","volume":"4","author":"Da Boit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"}],"container-title":["Nutrition Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/83\/2\/e131\/57830338\/nuae055.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/83\/2\/e131\/57830338\/nuae055.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T20:45:13Z","timestamp":1736541913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article\/83\/2\/e131\/7680024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuae055","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6643","1753-4887"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-6643","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-4887","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]}}}