{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:51:47Z","timestamp":1792792307898,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous research linked vitamin\u2009D deficiency in pregnancy to adverse pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Update a 2017 systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of vitamin\u2009D supplementation during pregnancy, identify sources of heterogeneity between trials, and describe evidence gaps precluding a clinical recommendation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MEDLINE, PubMed, Europe PMC, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched. Articles were included that reported on RCTs that included pregnant women given vitamin\u2009D supplements as compared with placebo, no intervention, or active control (\u2264600\u2009IU d\u20131). Risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences were pooled for 38 maternal, birth, and infant outcomes, using random effects models. Subgroup analyses examined effect heterogeneity. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Extraction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Included articles reported on a total of 66 trials (n = 17\u200a276 participants).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median vitamin\u2009D supplementation dose was 2000\u2009IU d\u20131 (range: 400-60\u200a000); 37 trials used placebo. Antenatal vitamin\u2009D supplementation had no effect on the risk of preeclampsia (RR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.43-1.53]; n = 6 trials and 1483 participants), potentially protected against gestational diabetes mellitus (RR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.49-0.86; n = 12 trials and 1992 participants), and increased infant birth weight by 53\u2009g (95% CI, 16-90; n = 40 trials and 9954 participants). No effect of vitamin\u2009D on the risk of preterm birth, small-for-gestational age, or low birth weight infants was found. A total of 25 trials had at least 1 domain at high risk of bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Additional studies among the general pregnant population are not needed, given the many existing trials. Instead, high-quality RCTs among populations with low vitamin\u2009D status or at greater risk of key outcomes are needed. Benefits of supplementation in pregnancy remain uncertain because current evidence has high heterogeneity, including variation in study context, baseline and achieved end-line 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, and studies with high risk of bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022350057.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuae065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T16:40:18Z","timestamp":1715618418000},"page":"e892-e903","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy on Maternal, Neonatal, and Infant Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8206-1496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Chien","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University , Washington, DC 20037,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0984-8433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramaa","family":"Chitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University , Washington, DC 20037,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5853-3796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen M","family":"O\u2019Callaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3203-3638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R","family":"Sudfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. 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