{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T02:45:40Z","timestamp":1788576340890,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sarcopenia and cachexia lead to muscle wasting and increased health risks in older adults. Both sarcopenia and cachexia are associated with inflammaging, a chronic low-grade inflammatory state linked to aging. Strategies to preserve muscle mass and function are crucial for maintaining independence and quality of life among the elderly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted to comprehensively assess the individual and combined effects of exercise training and protein supplementation on circulatory markers of inflammation in older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search of the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and SPORTDiscus databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published until January 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Extraction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The search focused on randomized controlled trials examining the impact of exercise training (Ex), protein consumption (Pro), or their combination (Ex-Pro) on inflammatory factors, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) compared with a control (Con).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The meta-analysis revealed a significant decrease in CRP levels in the Ex vs Pro (P\u2009=\u2009.0003) and the Ex-Pro (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.00001) group compared with the Ex group and in overall experimental (EXPL) subgroups (P\u2009=\u2009.0002) compared with the Con group. A similar reduction was found in IL-6 in the Ex group (P\u2009=\u2009.001), Ex-Pro group (P\u2009=\u2009.05), and EXPL (P\u2009=\u2009.0002) subgroup compared with the Pro group. However, for TNF-\u03b1 levels, a significant reduction was noted only in the Ex-Pro group compared with the Ex group (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.00001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exercise training and protein supplementation, particularly when combined, show greater benefits in mitigating inflammaging. These findings highlight the importance of combined interventions against muscle wasting. Future studies and meta-analyses should further address the effects of Ex and Pro and Ex-Pro on inflammatory markers of older adults, considering specific conditions and larger sample sizes to identify optimal strategies for the aging population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuae169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T23:21:16Z","timestamp":1728688876000},"page":"e1458-e1471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Impact of Exercise and Protein Intake on Inflammaging: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Reyhaneh","family":"Nejati Bervanlou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , 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