{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:33:20Z","timestamp":1792794800546,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":150,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Northern Ireland Department for the Economy","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0161w0r98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dietary protein is recommended for sarcopenia\u2014a debilitating condition of age-related loss of muscle mass and strength that affects 27% of older adults. The effects of protein on muscle health may depend on protein quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim was to synthesize randomized controlled trial (RCT) data comparing plant with animal protein for muscle health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-three eligible RCTs were sourced from Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Extraction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four reviewers (R.J.R.-M., S.F.B., N.A.W., D.L.) extracted data from RCTs (study setting, population, intervention characteristics, outcomes, summary statistics) and conducted quality assessment using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Standardized mean differences (SMDs) (95% CIs) were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis and forest plots were generated. I2 statistics were calculated to test for statistical heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty RCTs (70%) were eligible for meta-analysis and all examined muscle mass outcomes. Compared with animal protein, plant protein resulted in lower muscle mass following the intervention (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u20130.20; 95% CI: \u20130.37, \u20130.03; P\u2009=\u2009.02), with stronger effects in younger (&amp;lt;60\u2009years; SMD\u2009=\u2009\u20130.20; 95% CI: \u20130.37, \u20130.03; P\u2009=\u2009.02) than in older (\u226560\u2009years; SMD\u2009=\u2009\u20130.05; 95% CI: \u20130.32, 0.23; P\u2009=\u2009.74) adults. There was no pooled effect difference between soy and milk protein for muscle mass (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u20130.02; 95% CI: \u20130.20, 0.16; P\u2009=\u2009.80) (n\u2009=\u200917 RCTs), yet animal protein improved muscle mass compared with non-soy plant proteins (rice, chia, oat, and potato; SMD\u2009=\u2009\u20130.58; 95% CI: \u20131.06, \u20130.09; P\u2009=\u2009.02) (n\u2009=\u20095 RCTs) and plant-based diets (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u20130.51; 95% CI: \u20130.91, \u20130.11; P\u2009=\u2009.01) (n\u2009=\u20097 RCTs). No significant difference was found between plant or animal protein for muscle strength (n\u2009=\u200914 RCTs) or physical performance (n\u2009=\u20095 RCTs). No trials examined sarcopenia as an outcome. Animal protein may have a small beneficial effect over non-soy plant protein for muscle mass; however, research into a wider range of plant proteins and diets is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020188658.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuae200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T23:23:28Z","timestamp":1732145008000},"page":"e1581-e1603","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Effect of Plant Versus Animal Protein on Muscle Mass, Strength, Physical Performance, and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4080-9050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel J","family":"Reid-McCann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolism Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen\u2019s University Belfast Royal Victoria Hospital , Belfast BT12 6BJ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9893-3938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah F","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolism Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen\u2019s University Belfast Royal Victoria Hospital , Belfast BT12 6BJ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4591-8443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola A","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolism Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen\u2019s University Belfast Royal Victoria Hospital , Belfast BT12 6BJ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3932-3654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolism Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen\u2019s University Belfast Royal Victoria Hospital , Belfast BT12 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