{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:43:35Z","timestamp":1785523415447,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82204373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Youth Scientific Research Project of Educational Commission of Liaoning Province","award":["JYTQN2023320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JYTQN2023320"]}]},{"name":"Youqing Support Project of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University","award":["YQ202201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YQ202201"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>l-\u03b1-Glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC), also known as choline alphoscerate or \u03b1-glycerophosphorylcholine, serves as both a pharmaceutical product and a dietary supplement. Through its metabolic pathways, GPC acts as the precursor not only of choline and acetylcholine but also of various phospholipids. Extensive preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrates that GPC effectively alleviates cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, cerebral ischemia, stress, and epilepsy, among other conditions. Additionally, GPC has beneficial effects on such conditions and measures as ischemic\/hypoxic conditions, ionizing radiation-induced damage, exercise performance, growth hormone release, and liver damage. As well as facilitating cholinergic neurotransmission, evidence also indicates GPC, among other activities, also can promote \u03b3-aminobutyric acid release, enhance protein kinase C activity, facilitate hippocampal neurogenesis, upregulate neurotrophic factors, and inhibit inflammation. In preclinical studies, results indicate that GPC is not genotoxic in vitro or in vivo. Extensive human studies indicate GPC causes no severe adverse effects. Possible risks of atherosclerosis and stroke await necessary validation. In this review, the GPC-related metabolic pathways, pharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, and safety evaluation are discussed with the aim of providing a comprehensive understanding of GPC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T17:10:27Z","timestamp":1741108227000},"page":"1594-1620","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Unlocking the Potential of <scp>l<\/scp>-\u03b1-Glycerylphosphorylcholine: From Metabolic Pathways to Therapeutic Applications"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Xiaohang","family":"Che","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongtian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoxin","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunfu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2791-5281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11026","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805496105","article-title":"GDPD5 is a glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase that osmotically regulates the osmoprotective organic osmolyte GPC","volume":"105","author":"Gallazzini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101513","article-title":"Dietary choline intake: current state of knowledge across the life cycle","volume":"10","author":"Wiedeman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6877","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27279-4","article-title":"AGPAT2 interaction with CDP-diacylglycerol synthases promotes the flux of fatty acids through the CDP-diacylglycerol pathway","volume":"12","author":"Mak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2012.08.016","article-title":"Formation and function of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine in mammalian cells","volume":"1831","author":"Vance","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2013.765870","article-title":"Revisiting choline alphoscerate profile: a new, perspective, role in dementia?","volume":"123","author":"Scapicchio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(91)90040-9","article-title":"Effect of a new cognition enhancer, alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, on scopolamine-induced amnesia and brain acetylcholine","volume":"39","author":"Lopez","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(92)90392-h","article-title":"l-\u03b1 -Glycerylphosphorylcholine antagonizes scopolamine-induced amnesia and enhances hippocampal cholinergic transmission in the rat","volume":"211","author":"Sigala","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(92)90650-5","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms mediating the effects of l-\u03b1-glycerylphosphorylcholine, a new cognition-enhancing drug, on behavioral and biochemical parameters in young and aged rats","volume":"43","author":"Schettini","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(92)90124-x","article-title":"Behavioral effects of l-\u03b1-glycerylphosphorylcholine: influence on cognitive mechanisms in the rat","volume":"41","author":"Drago","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/s0149-2918(03)90023-3","article-title":"Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"De Jesus Moreno Moreno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S281","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140150","article-title":"The ASCOMALVA (Association between the Cholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil and the Cholinergic Precursor Choline Alphoscerate in Alzheimer's Disease) trial: interim results after two years of treatment","volume":"42","author":"Amenta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2012.07.003","article-title":"The ASCOMALVA trial: association between the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil and the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate in Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular injury: interim results","volume":"322","author":"Amenta","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141983","article-title":"Apathy treatment in Alzheimer's disease: interim results of the ASCOMALVA Trial","volume":"48","author":"Rea","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-200269","article-title":"Association between the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil and the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate in the treatment of depression in patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"6","author":"Carotenuto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis Rep"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160675","article-title":"The effect of the association between donepezil and choline alphoscerate on behavioral disturbances in Alzheimer's disease: interim results of the ASCOMALVA trial","volume":"56","author":"Carotenuto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190623","article-title":"Volume analysis of brain cognitive areas in Alzheimer's disease: interim 3-year results from the ASCOMALVA trial","volume":"76","author":"Traini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.02.349","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of treatment with galantamine and choline alphoscerate on brain microanatomy in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"283","author":"Tayebati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.08.068","article-title":"Effect of treatment with choline alphoscerate on hippocampus microanatomy and glial reaction in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"1120","author":"Tomassoni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1177\/030006059101900406","article-title":"A multicentre trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of \u03b1-glycerylphosphorylcholine versus cytosine diphosphocholine in patients with vascular dementia","volume":"19","author":"Di Perri","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01229-z","article-title":"Association of nimodipine and choline alphoscerate in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease: study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial\u2013the CONIVaD trial","volume":"32","author":"Salvadori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-021-00852-8","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the association of nimodipine and choline alphoscerate in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. The CONIVaD trial","volume":"38","author":"Salvadori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3000605211055036","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605211055036","article-title":"Role of citicoline and choline in the treatment of post-stroke depression: an exploratory study","volume":"49","author":"Arcadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.147900","article-title":"The effect of choline alphoscerate on non spatial memory and neuronal differentiation in a rat model of dual stress","volume":"1786","author":"Jeong Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.10.011","article-title":"Late treatment with choline alfoscerate (l-\u03b1-glycerylphosphorylcholine, \u03b1-GPC) increases hippocampal neurogenesis and provides protection against seizure-induced neuronal death and cognitive impairment","volume":"1654","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-019-03580-1","article-title":"l-\u03b1-Glycerylphosphorylcholine can be cytoprotective or cytotoxic in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes: a double-edged sword phenomenon","volume":"460","author":"Tuboly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.12.025","article-title":"l-\u03b1-Glycerylphosphorylcholine reduces the microcirculatory dysfunction and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase type 4 induction after partial hepatic ischemia in rats","volume":"189","author":"Hartmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0166682","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166682","article-title":"Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with l-\u03b1-glycerylphosphorylcholine","volume":"11","author":"Strifler","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C207","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00300.2012","article-title":"Methane biogenesis during sodium azide-induced chemical hypoxia in rats","volume":"304","author":"Tuboly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-014-0691-2","article-title":"Protective effects of l-\u03b1-glycerylphosphorylcholine on ischaemia-reperfusion-induced inflammatory reactions","volume":"54","author":"T\u0151k\u00e9s","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s11055-008-0007-1","article-title":"Changes at the focus of experimental ischemic stroke treated with neuroprotective agents","volume":"38","author":"Onishchenko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Behav Physiol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-014-1489-z","article-title":"Radio-neuroprotective effect of l-\u03b1-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) in an experimental rat model","volume":"119","author":"Plang\u00e1r","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1089\/zeb.2016.1269","article-title":"l-\u03b1-Glycerylphosphorylcholine as a potential radioprotective agent in zebrafish embryo model","volume":"13","author":"Szab\u00f3","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zebrafish."},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/09553002.2013.836617","article-title":"Peripheral inflammatory activation after hippocampus irradiation in the rat","volume":"90","author":"T\u0151k\u00e9s","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-015-0103-x","article-title":"The effect of 6 days of \u03b1-glycerylphosphorylcholine on isometric strength","volume":"12","author":"Bellar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sports Nutr"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-017-0196-5","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of two doses of \u03b1 glycerylphosphorylcholine on physical and psychomotor performance","volume":"14","author":"Marcus","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sports Nutr"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3970","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14193970","article-title":"The effects of \u03b1-glycerylphosphorylcholine on heart rate variability and hemodynamic variables following sprint interval exercise in overweight and obese women","volume":"14","author":"Barzanjeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2214112","DOI":"10.1080\/15502783.2023.2214112","article-title":"Effects of branched chain amino acids, l-citrulline, and alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine supplementation on exercise performance in trained cyclists: a randomized crossover trial","volume":"20","author":"Harrington","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sports Nutr"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1003272","article-title":"\u03b1-Glycerylphosphorylcholine administration increases the GH responses to GHRH of young and elderly subjects","volume":"24","author":"Ceda","year":"1992","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.02.011","article-title":"Glycerophosphocholine enhances growth hormone secretion and fat oxidation in young adults","volume":"28","author":"Kawamura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07637-3","article-title":"Excessive alcohol consumption induces methane production in humans and rats","volume":"7","author":"Tuboly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2021.25.4.333","article-title":"The beneficial effect of glycerophosphocholine to local fat accumulation: a comparative study with phosphatidylcholine and aminophylline","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb23073.x","article-title":"Cholinergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus of aged rats: influence of l-\u03b1-glycerylphosphorylcholine treatment","volume":"695","author":"Amenta","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02527751","article-title":"Evidence for an in vivo and in vitro modulation of endogenous cortical GABA release by \u03b1-glycerylphosphorylcholine","volume":"21","author":"Ferraro","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(93)90490-t","article-title":"Cognition stimulating drugs modulate protein kinase C activity in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of adult rats","volume":"53","author":"Lucchi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(93)90076-4","article-title":"Nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity in the cerebellar cortex of aged rats: effect of choline alfoscerate treatment","volume":"69","author":"Vega","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.07.024","article-title":"Systemic inflammation induces acute behavioral and cognitive changes and accelerates neurodegenerative disease","volume":"65","author":"Cunningham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97505-y","article-title":"Grading of endometrial cancer using 1H HR-MAS NMR-based metabolomics","volume":"11","author":"Skorupa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2017.04.006","article-title":"The critical role of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine metabolism in health and disease","volume":"1859","author":"van der Veen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4112","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4112","article-title":"Focus on the glycerophosphocholine pathway in choline phospholipid metabolism of cancer","volume":"32","author":"Sonkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00009.2009","article-title":"What's new about osmotic regulation of glycerophosphocholine","volume":"24","author":"Gallazzini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2004.04.026","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of two serpentine membrane proteins containing glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase, GDE2 and GDE6","volume":"337","author":"Nogusa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2022.101471","article-title":"Glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase operates a glycerol shunt in pancreatic beta-cells that controls insulin secretion and metabolic stress","volume":"60","author":"Al-Mass","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2021.114381","article-title":"An overview of recent analysis and detection of acetylcholine","volume":"632","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1161\/hs1001.096010","article-title":"Effects of citicoline on phospholipid and glutathione levels in transient cerebral ischemia","volume":"32","author":"Adibhatla","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007816","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1007816","article-title":"Glutathione: a Samsonian life-sustaining small molecule that protects against oxidative stress, ageing and damaging inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Labarrere","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6869","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27244-1","article-title":"The structural basis for the phospholipid remodeling by lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-8993(99)01570-x","article-title":"Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine metabolites may regulate brain phospholipid catabolism via inhibition of lysophospholipase activity","volume":"834","author":"Fallbrook","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-020518-114444","article-title":"Phospholipid remodeling in physiology and disease","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-018-0045-x","article-title":"Update on glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases: the roles in the development of insulin resistance","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165853","article-title":"Implication of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in adipocyte differentiation","volume":"1866","author":"Presa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00063","article-title":"CDP-diacylglycerol synthases (CDS): gateway to phosphatidylinositol and cardiolipin synthesis","volume":"8","author":"Blunsom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2012.08.003","article-title":"Signal transduction pathways involving phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: convergences and divergences among eukaryotic kingdoms","volume":"52","author":"Delage","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2024.105692","article-title":"Protein kinase C signaling \"in\" and \"to\" the nucleus: master kinases in transcriptional regulation","volume":"300","author":"Kazanietz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17600","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417600","article-title":"An update on protein kinases as therapeutic targets-part I: protein kinase C activation and its role in cancer and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"24","author":"Silnitsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.06.001","article-title":"The Ca2+\/calmodulin\/CaMKK2 axis: nature's metabolic CaMshaft","volume":"27","author":"Marcelo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7045","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12227045","article-title":"Protein biomarkers shared by multiple neurodegenerative diseases are calmodulin-binding proteins offering novel and potentially universal therapeutic targets","volume":"12","author":"O'Day","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1023\/B:APPT.0000045801.15585.dd","article-title":"PI3K-Akt pathway: its functions and alterations in human cancer","volume":"9","author":"Osaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2019.1676726","article-title":"Targeting AKT for cancer therapy","volume":"28","author":"Shariati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-016-0872-y","article-title":"Brain development and Akt signaling: the crossroads of signaling pathway and neurodevelopmental diseases","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9767","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07468-0","article-title":"Interplay between PI3K\/AKT pathway and heart disorders","volume":"49","author":"Ghafouri-Fard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0521-7","article-title":"Lipid droplets in health and disease","volume":"16","author":"Onal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B72","first-page":"435","article-title":"Lipid droplets and the management of cellular stress","volume":"92","author":"Jarc","year":"2019","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2022.115296","article-title":"Regulation of membrane phospholipid biosynthesis in mammalian cells","volume":"206","author":"Morita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20903","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25402-z","article-title":"Acetylcholine deficit causes dysfunctional inhibitory control in an aging-dependent manner","volume":"12","author":"Sabandal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11101868","article-title":"Antioxidants in age-related diseases and anti-aging strategies","volume":"11","author":"Rusu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.63051802.x","article-title":"Membrane lipids of adult human brain: lipid composition of frontal and temporal lobe in subjects of age 20 to 100 years","volume":"63","author":"Svennerholm","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11369","article-title":"Neuroprotective potential of choline alfoscerate against beta-amyloid injury: involvement of neurotrophic signals","volume":"44","author":"Catanesi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205018666210608093658","article-title":"Beneficial effects of choline alphoscerate on amyloid-beta neurotoxicity in an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"18","author":"Burgaletto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-199303020-00006","article-title":"Multicentre study of l-\u03b1-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine vs ST200 among patients with probable senile dementia of Alzheimer's type","volume":"3","author":"Parnetti","year":"1993","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2018.04.004","article-title":"P300 latency changes in patients with mild cognitive impairment after taking choline alphoscerate; a preliminary study","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"eNeurologicalSci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-221189","article-title":"Activity of choline alphoscerate on adult-onset cognitive dysfunctions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Sagaro","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1994.tb12095.x","article-title":"\u03b1-Glycerophosphocholine in the mental recovery of cerebral ischemic attacks. An Italian multicenter clinical trial","volume":"717","author":"Barbagallo Sangiorgi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13311","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.24.13311","article-title":"Disruption of the m1 receptor gene ablates muscarinic receptor-dependent M current regulation and seizure activity in mice","volume":"94","author":"Hamilton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-023-01844-w","article-title":"Effects of egg yolk choline intake on cognitive functions and plasma choline levels in healthy middle-aged and older Japanese: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled parallel-group study","volume":"22","author":"Yamashita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730527","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.684519","article-title":"Supplementary effect of choline alfoscerate on speech recognition in patients with age-related hearing loss: a prospective study in 34 patients (57 ears)","volume":"13","author":"Na","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105192","article-title":"New perspectives on the basal forebrain cholinergic system in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"150","author":"Berry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00031","article-title":"Implications of GABAergic neurotransmission in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.10.046","article-title":"Mechanisms of protein kinase C-induced sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the hippocampus","volume":"520","author":"Kamboj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.3c00119","article-title":"Crosstalk between adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its role in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Tiwari","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4206","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03328-5","article-title":"Exploring the therapeutic effect of neurotrophins and neuropeptides in neurodegenerative diseases: at a glance","volume":"60","author":"Rahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01130-9","article-title":"Neuronal hibernation following hippocampal demyelination","volume":"9","author":"Baltan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411780","article-title":"Exploring the potential of aptamers in targeting neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders: opportunities and challenges","volume":"24","author":"Kong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(94)90097-3","article-title":"Choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampus of aged rats: sensitivity to choline alphoscerate treatment","volume":"74","author":"Amenta","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90854-e","article-title":"Effect of ipsilateral lesioning of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis and of l-\u03b1-glyceryl phosphorylcholine treatment on choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in the rat fronto-parietal cortex","volume":"164","author":"Bronzetti","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4943(92)90021-u","article-title":"Effect of choline alfoscerate treatment on changes in rat hippocampus mossy fibres induced by monolateral lesioning of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis","volume":"14","author":"Ciriaco","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(92)90075-o","article-title":"Oral choline alfoscerate counteracts age-dependent loss of mossy fibres in the rat hippocampus","volume":"66","author":"Ricci","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(91)90015-r","article-title":"Age-related structural changes in the rat cerebellar cortex: effect of choline alfoscerate treatment","volume":"61","author":"Amenta","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4943(91)90059-y","article-title":"Age-related anatomical changes in the rat hippocampus: retardation by choline alfoscerate treatment","volume":"13","author":"Bronzetti","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12088","article-title":"GABAergic dysfunction in excitatory and inhibitory (E\/I) imbalance drives the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"16","author":"Bi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(90)90469-m","article-title":"Effects of DM-9384 in a model of amnesia based on animals with GABAergic neuronal dysfunctions","volume":"178","author":"Nabeshima","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0186(86)90101-4","article-title":"Modification of GABA and calcium uptake by lipids in synaptosomes from normoxic and ischemic brain","volume":"8","author":"Noremberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C439","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00102.2022","article-title":"Neuronal G protein-gated K(+) channels","volume":"323","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb23072.x","article-title":"PKC translocation in rat brain cortex is promoted in vivo and in vitro by \u03b1-glycerylphosphorylcholine, a cognition-enhancing drug","volume":"695","author":"Govoni","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C659","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1994.267.3.C659","article-title":"Signal transduction in vascular smooth muscle: diacylglycerol second messengers and PKC action","volume":"267","author":"Lee","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12452","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212864200","article-title":"The molecular basis of differential subcellular localization of C2 domains of protein kinase C-alpha and group IVa cytosolic phospholipase A2","volume":"278","author":"Stahelin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13898","DOI":"10.1021\/bi011303o","article-title":"Identification of the phosphatidylserine binding site in the C2 domain that is important for PKC alpha activation and in vivo cell localization","volume":"40","author":"Conesa-Zamora","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2021-0056","article-title":"Effect of soya phosphatidylcholine and possible underlying mechanism on ischemia\/reperfusion injury in isolated perfused rat heart: an experimental and computational study","volume":"100","author":"Mehta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaan8821","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan8821","article-title":"Combined adult neurogenesis and BDNF mimic exercise effects on cognition in an Alzheimer's mouse model","volume":"361","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.01.019","article-title":"Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in aging and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"16","author":"Babcock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15708","article-title":"Molecular targets of endothelial phosphatidic acid regulating major depressive disorder","volume":"163","author":"Edwards","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e31822f36b0","article-title":"Protective effects of a phosphatidylcholine-enriched diet in lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental neuroinflammation in the rat","volume":"36","author":"Tok\u00e9s","year":"2011","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2009.02.009","article-title":"Phosphatidic acid signaling to mTOR: signals for the survival of human cancer cells","volume":"1791","author":"Foster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/s0960-9822(97)70090-3","article-title":"Phospholipase D2, a distinct phospholipase D isoform with novel regulatory properties that provokes cytoskeletal reorganization","volume":"7","author":"Colley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22567","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R114.576876","article-title":"Cellular and physiological roles for phospholipase D1 in cancer","volume":"289","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109771","article-title":"Morin post-treatment surpassed calpeptin in ameliorating 3-NP-induced cortical neurotoxicity via modulation of glutamate\/calpain axis, Kidins220, and BDNF\/TrkB\/AKT\/CREB trajectory","volume":"116","author":"Mohamed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00325","article-title":"Systemic l-buthionine -S-R-sulfoximine treatment increases plasma NGF and upregulates l-cys\/L-cys2 transporter and gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase mRNAs through the NGF\/TrkA\/Akt\/Nrf2 pathway in the striatum","volume":"13","author":"Valdovinos-Flores","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0588-8","article-title":"Myelin degeneration and diminished myelin renewal contribute to age-related deficits in memory","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6201","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.1c01621","article-title":"Simulations of diabetic and non-diabetic peripheral nerve myelin lipid bilayers","volume":"125","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Phys Chem B"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06373-1","article-title":"cGAS-STING drives ageing-related inflammation and neurodegeneration","volume":"620","author":"Gulen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082328","article-title":"Comparative study on curcumin loaded in golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) head phospholipid and soybean lecithin liposomes: preparation, characteristics and anti-inflammatory properties","volume":"26","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5034","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205034","article-title":"Ischemia\/reperfusion injury revisited: an overview of the latest pharmacological strategies","volume":"20","author":"Soares","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e31816f204a","article-title":"Oral phosphatidylcholine pretreatment decreases ischemia-reperfusion-induced methane generation and the inflammatory response in the small intestine","volume":"30","author":"Ghyczy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.05.005","article-title":"Protective role of phosphatidylcholine against cisplatin-induced renal toxicity and oxidative stress in rats","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e31825d1ed0","article-title":"Dietary phosphatidylcholine supplementation attenuates inflammatory mucosal damage in a rat model of experimental colitis","volume":"38","author":"Kov\u00e1cs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-006-0183-z","article-title":"Reperfusion injury following cerebral ischemia: pathophysiology, MR imaging, and potential therapies","volume":"49","author":"Pan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4028394","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4028394","article-title":"The roles of GABA in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the central nervous system and peripheral organs","volume":"2019","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106212","article-title":"Low dose ionizing radiation effects on the immune system","volume":"149","author":"Lumniczky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a006023","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006023","article-title":"Signaling in muscle contraction","volume":"7","author":"Kuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S141","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1024619","article-title":"Exercise and neuromodulators: choline and acetylcholine in marathon runners","volume":"13","author":"Conlay","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3233\/BPL-160040","article-title":"The effects of acute exercise on mood, cognition, neurophysiology, and neurochemical pathways: a review","volume":"2","author":"Basso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Plast"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3874","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15183874","article-title":"The effect of choline and resistance training on strength and lean mass in older adults","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(95)00313-4","article-title":"Effect of l-\u03b1 glycerylphosphorylcholine on muscarinic receptors and membrane microviscosity of aged rat brain","volume":"20","author":"Muccioli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3658","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.706523","article-title":"Phosphatidylethanolamine is a key regulator of membrane fluidity in eukaryotic cells","volume":"291","author":"Dawaliby","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2004.00272.x","article-title":"CDP-choline increases plasma ACTH and potentiates the stimulated release of GH, TSH and LH: the cholinergic involvement","volume":"18","author":"Cavun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13062091","article-title":"\u03b1-Glycerylphosphorylcholine increases motivation in healthy volunteers: a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled human study","volume":"13","author":"Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527311312010015","article-title":"Modulation of monoaminergic transporters by choline-containing phospholipids in rat brain","volume":"12","author":"Tayebati","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.02.001","article-title":"Modulating the neuromodulators: dopamine, serotonin, and the endocannabinoid system","volume":"44","author":"Peters","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4009","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(88)90087-1","article-title":"Protein kinase C and dopamine release\u2014II. Effect of dopamine acting drugs in vivo","volume":"37","author":"Giambalvo","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb10915.x","article-title":"Effect of age on brain cortical protein kinase C and its mediation of 5-hydroxytryptamine release","volume":"52","author":"Friedman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2021.02.010","article-title":"Alcohol-associated liver disease: a review on its pathophysiology, diagnosis and drug therapy","volume":"8","author":"Subramaniyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.013","article-title":"Piracetam inhibits ethanol (EtOH)-induced memory deficit by mediating multiple pathways","volume":"1676","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04511-9","article-title":"Methane formation driven by reactive oxygen species across all living organisms","volume":"603","author":"Ernst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2013.819428","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver disease","volume":"47","author":"Sid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6052","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206052","article-title":"Effect of choline alphoscerate on the survival of glioblastoma patients: a retrospective, single-center study","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/nm746","article-title":"Blockage of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors suppresses migration and induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells","volume":"8","author":"Ishiuchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0901-1010","article-title":"Glutamate release promotes growth of malignant gliomas","volume":"7","author":"Takano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0406","article-title":"Acetylcholine protection of adult pig retinal ganglion cells from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity","volume":"45","author":"Wehrwein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02092-6","article-title":"Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist promotes retinal ganglion cell function via modulating GABAergic presynaptic activity in a chronic glaucomatous model","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06447.x","article-title":"ACh receptors link two signaling pathways to neuroprotection against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in isolated RGCs","volume":"112","author":"Asomugha","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0176722","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176722","article-title":"Selective effect of phosphatidylcholine on the lysis of adipocytes","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-18-91","article-title":"Phosphatidylcholine induces apoptosis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0214760","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214760","article-title":"Phosphatidylcholine causes adipocyte-specific lipolysis and apoptosis in adipose and muscle tissues","volume":"14","author":"Jung","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1159\/000481571","article-title":"Phosphatidylcholine causes lipolysis and apoptosis in adipocytes through the tumor necrosis factor \u03b1-dependent pathway","volume":"101","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051526","article-title":"Effect of oral choline alfoscerate on patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094733","article-title":"Role of choline in ocular diseases","volume":"22","author":"Hwang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.03.012","article-title":"Safety assessment of AGPC as a food ingredient","volume":"49","author":"Brownawell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13477","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413477","article-title":"The nutritional supplement l-\u03b1 glycerylphosphorylcholine promotes atherosclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025071003521929600_nuaf008-B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2136008","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.36008","article-title":"Association of l-\u03b1 glycerylphosphorylcholine with subsequent stroke risk after 10 years","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"}],"container-title":["Nutrition Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/83\/8\/1594\/62206073\/nuaf008.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/83\/8\/1594\/62206073\/nuaf008.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T07:52:27Z","timestamp":1752133947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article\/83\/8\/1594\/8046191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"references-count":158,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6643","1753-4887"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-6643","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-4887","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]}}}