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However, adherence to a GFD is challenging in different interconnected aspects related to food security, safety, and sustainability. These obstacles are critically contextualized in this review. In general, a GFD may increase the risk of food and nutritional insecurity, especially in populations with lower educational levels and purchasing power. Furthermore, avoiding cross-contact with foods containing gluten is challenging, reducing the options available for consumption and increasing fear and hypervigilance among individuals. The literature also reports gluten-free foods and inputs contaminated with heavy metals such as arsenic, mercury, and mycotoxins, and they may have shortened shelf life. 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