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Emerging research suggests that vitamin\u2009D plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses, a finding that may have implications for the prevention and control of influenza. In this review we explored the mechanisms through which vitamin\u2009D enhances both innate and adaptive immunity, emphasizing its role in managing inflammation and antiviral defenses, and we explored the current research on the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin\u2009D, highlighting its potential protective benefits against respiratory infections like influenza. Vitamin D, immunological modulation, influenza, viral infections, cytokine regulation, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and respiratory viruses were among the keywords used, either singly or in combination, to search the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for this research. The inclusion criteria were full-length research publications published within the previous 12 years, observational studies, in vitro studies, and studies involving humans or animals, with the exception of groundbreaking earlier works that provided fundamental insights into the function of vitamin D in immunity. The capacity of vitamin\u2009D to regulate cytokine production, boost antimicrobial peptide activity, and influence cellular immune responses may help mitigate the severity of influenza infections and related complications, such as cytokine storms. Evidence from randomized trials and observational studies further supports the role of vitamin\u2009D supplementation in reducing the incidence and severity of influenza. Although these findings highlight the therapeutic promise of vitamin\u2009D for influenza management, further investigation is needed to address existing knowledge gaps before making clear recommendations for the use of vitamin D in viral respiratory infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T07:32:54Z","timestamp":1746689574000},"page":"121-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vitamin D and Influenza: Immunological Insights and Therapeutic Potential for Respiratory Health"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Achyut","family":"Pandey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences & Technology, Galgotias University , Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 203201,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Kajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences & Technology, Galgotias University , Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 203201,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2846-0135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shruti","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences & Technology, Galgotias University , Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 203201,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121102521652000_nuaf086-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a038398","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a038398","article-title":"Structure and function of the influenza virus transcription and replication machinery","volume":"10","author":"Fodor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"2025121102521652000_nuaf086-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0513-7","article-title":"The structure of the influenza A virus genome","volume":"4","author":"Dadonaite","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"2025121102521652000_nuaf086-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.07.039","article-title":"The biology of influenza viruses","volume":"26(suppl 4)","author":"Bouvier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025121102521652000_nuaf086-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3390\/v11040346","article-title":"Influenza hemagglutinin and neuraminidase: Yin\u2013Yang proteins coevolving to thwart immunity","volume":"11","author":"Kosik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2025121102521652000_nuaf086-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00039","article-title":"Influenza virus neuraminidase structure and functions","volume":"10","author":"McAuley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2025121102521652000_nuaf086-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.101727","article-title":"Structural and functional analysis of the roles of influenza C virus membrane proteins in assembly and budding","volume":"298","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025121102521652000_nuaf086-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01841","article-title":"Immune responses to influenza virus and its correlation to age and inherited factors","volume":"7","author":"Bahadoran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2025121102521652000_nuaf086-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13397","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413397","article-title":"Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) in innate immunity. 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