{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T10:19:56Z","timestamp":1781259596668,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing public health concern, influencing pregnancy outcomes and long-term health for pregnant people and infants.1\u20133 Effective dietary management of GDM is critical for preventing complications.4 This narrative review evaluates the effectiveness of various dietary interventions in managing GDM, including Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), low glycemic index, plant-based, Mediterranean, and energy-restricted diets. The review assesses the results from 14 published studies, including randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. The DASH diet was associated with significant benefits in reducing HbA1c levels, improving lipid profiles, and decreasing the rates of cesarean sections and macrosomia. Low glycemic index diets improved postprandial glucose levels and reduced insulin requirements, though findings regarding overall glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes were conflicting. Plant-based diets were associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation, offering substantial maternal and neonatal health benefits. The Mediterranean diet was associated with reduced GDM incidence and improved metabolic health. Energy-restricted diets did not outperform standard care GDM diets that were focused on balanced macronutrient intake to meet nutritional needs of the pregnant person and fetus. These findings highlight the importance of dietary composition and quality in GDM management. Among the diets assessed, DASH appears most effective for glycemic control and improved pregnancy outcomes. Although the Mediterranean diet shares features with DASH, evidence for its efficacy in treating GDM is limited. Low glycemic index and plant-based diets also show promise in glycemic control. Further research is needed to establish standardized dietary guidelines for GDM management. High-quality studies, particularly randomized controlled trials comparing dietary patterns, are essential to optimize nutritional guidance for individuals with or at risk of GDM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T09:04:45Z","timestamp":1747818285000},"page":"1193-1215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dietary Approaches for Managing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry E","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania Libraries, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlene W","family":"Compher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1870-4586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate Townsend","family":"Creasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051203521203800_nuaf113-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e067946","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-067946","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"377","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026051203521203800_nuaf113-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/FM9.0000000000000019","article-title":"Updates in long-term maternal and fetal adverse effects of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"1","author":"Shou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Matern Fetal Med"},{"key":"2026051203521203800_nuaf113-B3","first-page":"e47500","article-title":"A comprehensive review of gestational diabetes mellitus: impacts on maternal health, fetal development, childhood outcomes, and long-term treatment strategies","volume":"15","author":"Nakshine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026051203521203800_nuaf113-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S254","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S015","article-title":"Management of diabetes in pregnancy: standards of care in diabetes\u20142023","volume":"46","author":"El Sayed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026051203521203800_nuaf113-B5","first-page":"1584","article-title":"A Mediterranean diet with additional extra virgin olive oil and pistachios reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Assaf-Balut","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026051203521203800_nuaf113-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.11.020","article-title":"A randomized controlled clinical trial investigating the effect of DASH diet on insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Asemi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"2026051203521203800_nuaf113-B7","first-page":"235","article-title":"Glycemic index and pregnancy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies","volume":"13","author":"Louie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"2026051203521203800_nuaf113-B8","first-page":"459","article-title":"Effects of a vegan diet on the risk of diabetes complications and cardiovascular risk profile","volume":"26","author":"Rizzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026051203521203800_nuaf113-B9","first-page":"330","article-title":"The impact of plant-based diets on gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Kwon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2026051203521203800_nuaf113-B10","author":"National Institutes of Health"},{"key":"2026051203521203800_nuaf113-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704173361601","article-title":"A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. 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